A Faerie Correspondence

A Faerie Correspondence

Tuesday, 24th June, 1919

Dear Reverend Charles Kilpatrick,

I do hope it is not an indiscretion on my part to write to you unsolicited, but I recently read in The Western Gazette that you have reconvened your research in to the faerie traditions of the West Country for a forthcoming publication, after your service in the war. The author of the article in the Gazette seemed to suggest that you were keen to receive correspondence from local folklorists with any verifiable tales specifically related to the belief in faeries in all their forms. I certainly do not flatter myself as being thought of as a folklorist, but I have collected stories from the older folk in the local villages, hamlets and farms, as well as from my late father who was churchwarden at the adjacent parish, a position that often provided him with opportunities the engage with the beliefs  and stories of local worthies, which he would pass on to me to write up. Indeed, I now have three bound folio journals containing these tales, and have recently begun a fourth. I would estimate that a little less than half of these involve stories about what may be deemed faeries, sometimes termed pixies depending on the purveyor. I should also tell you that although a genuine belief in these beings has diminished in recent times, there is still a strong current notion amongst people of the locality (especially the older residents) that the faeries are a living tradition, and that they may still be encountered under certain circumstances. It is, in other words, not a dead tradition, even though many people will be reticent to admit their belief. If you would like me to copy some samples from my collection for your perusal I would be delighted and honoured to do so. But if you are only looking for stories from more serious credentialed folklorists then I would, of course, understand completely. I look forward to your response with anticipation.

Yours truly,

Miss Grace Bartholomew

Mudgley, Somersetshire.

*

Friday, 11th July, 1919

Dear Miss Bartholomew,

I thank you for your letter of last month and must apologise for my delayed response, as since returning from the continent I have, as you may imagine, had much college chaplaincy business to attend to as well as a backlog of correspondence. But now that the Versailles Treaty has been signed, and peace has been assured, I will, as your Western Gazette writer suggested, resume with my collection of West Country folklore, with an emphasis on traditional beliefs in the faeries. I am most interested in what you say about a modern day belief in these beings still surviving in your environs, and would welcome some samples from your collection when you have the time and inclination. I cannot promise a swift reply but I assure you I will always take seriously any genuine accounts of folkloric traditions that come in to my purview.

Yours in haste but truly,

Revd Charles Kilpatrick

Cambridge.

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Wednesday, 16th July, 1919

Dear Revd Charles Kilpatrick,

I received your letter in the second post on Monday, and would like to thank you for your warm encouragement about my little collection of local stories. I have taken the liberty to copy out, in the finest hand I have, four anecdotes, which I very much hope will interest you. The first three were all collected by my late father, and as you will see, they involve what are known around these parts as a gallitrap, which as I’m sure you know, is a circle of grass coloured differently from its surroundings, and which more often than not has toadstools growing in it. It is a firm belief amongst the older worthies that one should not step inside these circles as they are fashioned by the faeries for their dancing and amusements. Once inside, a person may become disorientated and even lost to this world for a time. The three stories are, as you will see, told by older people about their own grandparents, but I must say, and I hope you do not think this an impertinence on my part, that I sometimes wonder if the storytellers are pushing the stories in to the past to protect their own reputations, when really they are closer to home. I will write more about this if you wish. The fourth tale comes from a younger woman of my own acquaintance who tells a story about her mother (though once again, I wonder if it is really about herself) who had a disturbing experience with a home intrusion. It paints the faeries in a very dark aspect, which I have found a common theme in my collection. I do hope I am not being overbearing in sending these fair copies to you so soon after receiving your letter, and I do very much appreciate that you must have many more important college duties and serious folklore collection to do that will render my correspondence of small importance. I do, however, await your thoughts on the stories with great anticipation.

Yours sincerely,

Grace Bartholomew

Mudgley, Somersetshire.

*

Friday, 1st August, 1919

Dear Miss Bartholomew,

Please accept my deepest appreciation for your letter and for the examples from your folkloric collection. I must tell you, in all sincerity, that I was most impressed at the level of detail you include, as well as the names, dates and circumstances of the purveyors of the stories. All of these things are most important in any authentic folklore collection — may I ask if you have had any training in the discipline? I do have a few previous examples of West Country gallitraps in my inventory, but they are from rendered traditions of the last century, and even back to the late 18th century. Your representatives from contemporary worthies (as you charmingly call them) are of great interest to me, and I would very much like to know more details about how they have come to these stories, and indeed, if they are perhaps closer to home, as you say, than beliefs from two generations previous. I was particularly taken with the longest tale, where the miller became lost to the community for an entire week before returning to regale his story of being caught within a gallitrap by the music-making faeries. The time distortion he experienced is a very common motif in the folklore, but his detailed description of the faeries as small gnarled, wood-like creatures is most unusual, and I cannot think of anything quite like it in my own collection or that of others. The tale from your acquaintance, Miss Everdene, about her mother’s experience does conform to certain traditional motifs about the faeries intruding into homes with nefarious purpose, but once again, I am intrigued at this relatively contemporary rendering. Pinching and tormenting a sleeping householder has its origin in older faerie tales, but the fear it induced in Miss Everdene’s mother was most disturbing in the telling. Once again, I would like to extend my appreciation to you for taking the time to share excerpts from your collection with me, and would be in your debt if you would send me more entries if you are so inclined. I assure you they will be treated with the strictest confidence as I continue my research. I will be returning to the continent next week for an unknown period of time, but I have arranged for all correspondence to be forwarded to my residence there.

Yours truly,

Revd Charles Kilpatrick

Cambridge.

*

Wednesday, 6th August, 1919

Dear Revd Charles Kilpatrick,

I have been most encouraged by your recent letter, and I can assure you that I have no formal training in the discipline of collecting folklore. It has simply been a passion of mine for several years now, ever since I read Mr Robert Hunt’s Popular Romances of the West of England, which as I am sure you know, contains many stories of faerie beliefs from the last century and before. I will also tell you, with some trepidation, that as a little girl I had my own experiences of seeing the faeries. But I will not belabour that point in case you think me a foolish country woman. The fact of the matter is that it was my late father who instilled within me the importance of collecting local folklore, as he was afraid the traditions and beliefs were dying out in the younger generations, hastened by the terrible war and all the changes it has wrought. I see this myself. When I was a young girl in the early years of this century, there would be regular gatherings in various houses in our hamlet where the older people would naturally tell stories, many of them about the faeries, but also more formal tales such as about King Arthur, and also the wyrms that were said to inhabit certain woodlands in the county. However, the war stopped all this, and now I sometimes think I am the only one in our parish who wants to hear the stories. But our correspondence has renewed my determination to collect more stories and I have arranged this very evening, to visit old Hannah Wilkins at the Cider Farm, as she has promised to tell me everything she knows about the pixies, as she calls them. I will do my best to record her words and ensure I retrieve as many details as possible, if this will be of interest to you. Meanwhile, I am enclosing just one of the many tales collected by my father, as I am rather nervous that my letter will go astray as it gets forwarded to you so far away. It is from his fellow churchwarden, Mr Bartlett, who still lives, and is wholly trustworthy and of impeccable character. It tells of an incident that happened to his father whilst supervising the cutting of peat on the Levels close to my home, and involves him being pixie-led, with some interesting details about strange lights on the marshlands. As you will see, he only managed to escape when he remembered to employ the old custom of turning his jacket inside out to break the spell. I should also tell you that the older people here are much afeared of the lights that frequently appear on the Levels, and are convinced they are the faeries rather than some natural phenomenon. I have seen them often when I walk the lanes towards dusk and they do seem to exhibit a strangely animal type of movement. I do hope this letter arrives safely at your continental residence, wherever that may be, and that you will forgive my enthusiasm about this subject matter, but it is dear to my heart and I very much value a scholar such as yourself taking this country folklore, and my collection of it, seriously. I look forward to your reply with much anticipation, whilst understanding that it may take some time for you to write amidst your work, travelling and busy schedule.

Yours truly & sincerely,

Grace Bartholomew

Mudgley, Somersetshire.

PS: My father died last year on Armistice Day, as it happens very close to eleven o’clock in the morning. There was a strange event surrounding his death (he had been ill with a tumour for some time), which I would like to relate to you if you would allow me, as I believe there may be similar precedents in the folklore about such an occurrence. But please do dissuade me if you think I am being too forward and presumptuous in relaying such personal details.

*

Friday, 29th August, 1919

Dear Miss Bartholomew,

Please accept my apologies for my delayed response to your letter of 6th August. I am afraid the forwarding postal service here in France has not been as efficient as I would have wished and I have only received your epistle this week. My time on the continent is coming to an end and I will return to Cambridge, and a more competent mail service, at the beginning of September, when I will reply more thoroughly to your missive.

Yours truly & in haste,

Revd Charles Kilpatrick

Paris.

*

Friday, 5th September, 1919

Dear Miss Bartholomew,

I finally find myself with the opportunity to reply to your letter. Once again, I am genuinely intrigued by your collections and very much appreciate the level of detail you are managing to include. There are a few students of folklore here in Cambridge who could take a lesson or two from you in the methodology of collecting techniques! The experience reported by Mr Bartlett of his father’s episode with the lights and being pixie-led does indeed conform in some ways to the motif (primarily Irish) of being led astray by faeries and then becoming disorientated until some simple device, such as turning a jacket inside out, is employed. But the detail you have been able to instil within the retelling is most remarkable, and brings to the story an immediacy not usual within folkloric anecdotes. May I ask, and this is in no way an accusation, whether you have embellished these tales with any of your own words? It is most important in the collection of folklore to always adhere to the maxim of recording only what is spoken. It is easy, and natural, to want to introduce one’s own voice in to any narrative (something I myself have been guilty of in the past), but must be resisted if we are to record with accuracy the beliefs and accounts of people living or dead. But as I say, this is not an imputation; I am merely wanting to guide you in to the best methodologies in folkloric field work, as we may call it. Because I believe what you are gathering together may be an important addition to West Country beliefs in the faeries, and I would be much obliged to receive more transcriptions, whether they be from your late father’s collection or from the stories you continue to assemble together. As for your own personal experiences, I can assure you I will be very receptive and open minded towards anything you have to tell me. As you may imagine, my chaplaincy work involves listening to many supernatural episodes in people’s lives, which, whilst always applying rational thought, I never discount simply because they seem fantastical to the modern mind. Did our Lord not rise from the dead — an event not allowed for in scientific thinking, but something I believe with all of my heart. ‘There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy’ as I believe a wise man once said! I look forward with anticipation to receiving further transcriptions from you Miss Bartholomew, and, despite the imminent start of Michaelmas term here at the college, I should from henceforth be able to reply to you in a timely manner.

Yours very respectfully,

Revd Charles Kilpatrick

Cambridge.

*

Thursday, 11th September, 1919

Dear Revd Charles Kilpatrick,

I was both delighted and somewhat relieved to receive your most recent letter. It is quite an honour for me to have correspondence with a dignified Cambridge scholar such as yourself, and to be taken seriously in my attempt to gather local folklore. I certainly did not take your sage advice about the collection of stories to be an imputation, but rather as valuable counsel to someone with no formal training in the matter. As it happens, my late father used to tell me much the same thing in regards recording anecdotes. He always used to say that the words are theirs, not yours, and must remain so, warts and all. In light of this, I enclose my transcripts from several evenings spent with old Hannah Wilkins at the Cider Farm. I have attempted, to the best of my ability, to record her stories as closely to her actual words as possible, although this was rendered rather difficult due to her monologues attracting the attention of many family members who became keen to listen. Apparently, most of them had not heard many of the stories she told, as she has become reluctant to talk about them in recent years, primarily due to the genuine fear she has of the faeries believing their secrets being divulged, and perhaps punishing her for the transgression. Hannah is a widow and is of some eighty years of age, but very sharp in the mind, if perhaps not in the body. Apart from attending church, she has not left the hamlet since the start of the war. Whenever she sees me, she invariably tells me the story of her grandmother spending a season in London society in 1812 and how she once caught the eye of Lord Byron! I gather that she likes to regale others with the same anecdote. But with a little coaxing she will return to more local tales, and as you will see from my transcripts, they are invariably about the faeries. She can be a little vague about the time periods of the happenings, but you will notice that she often begins with: ‘When I was a girl in the reign of Good Queen Victoria…’ And in the story about the faeries stealing cider from the barrels on the farm, she seems to suggest this happened just prior to the war. I have added my own annotations to provide some clarity on these matters, but her own words are left uncorrupted and as close to how she spoke them as possible. The copies I send you are, of course, fair copies made from my own scribblings at the time of hearing. Her belief in the existence of faeries is as unconditional as her belief in God, and her stories elicited some fragmented narratives from others present, which I also attempted to record. I must say that I was slightly surprised and gratified that most of the gathering seemed to think the faeries must have some form of true existence, although, despite their frequent wickedness, they must be subject to the laws of God, and have their being by His will. One of the cider-makers said he had heard they must have fallen from heaven with Lucifer but were not bad enough for Hell, so they continue to roam the earth separated from mankind, living in their own realm that intersects (my word not his) with ours whenever the situation allows it. I do hope my transcriptions meet with your approval, and may be of some use in your research. Please do let me know if my collecting techniques require further modification. As for my father’s death, I now feel a little timid in telling you about it, as it has little to do with the subject matter of the faeries, but may somehow be related in some way. I am an only child, and my mother died when I was very young, so it was only me and my cousin, John Bartholomew, present at my father’s passing. He was incoherent towards the end, but just before he finally passed, he became lucid and told us that peace had come to the world (you may remember that he died about eleven o’clock on Armistice Day). He then told us that there was an angel at the foot of the bed and asked if we could see her. John was rather dismissive and told my father to rest, but I felt a distinct presence in the bedroom. I saw nothing and yet I knew there was another being with us, emanating love that filled my heart with a tingling joy, despite the sombreness of the occasion. My little, elderly cat Lucy also became most animated at this moment, which is very unlike her. About a minute later my father slipped away and the room became dull and cold. I hope you do not think it inappropriate for me to mention this incident, but I do think there is a link, though I am unsure of its measure, between encounters of faeries and of angels. I should also mention that there has been an increase in the number of sightings of lights on the Levels over the past few weeks, and that I myself have seen several of these strange illuminations, which I will expand on further if you do not think it foolish. I look forward with eagerness to your correspondence on these matters, but as always recognise your college duties and research will dictate the frequency of your replies to one such as I.

I remain, with the highest regard, yours faithfully,

Grace Bartholomew

Mudgley, Somersetshire.

*

Thursday 18th September, 1919

My Dear Miss Bartholomew,

Your most recent letter delighted me. I am, of course, most sorry for the loss of your father, even though he now doubtless rests within the tenure of the Father of us all. But I am in much admiration of your ability to form your thoughts with such panache. I hope it is not an impertinence to ask where you may have been schooled, as I have to say that there are many students here in Cambridge who do not reach your level of epistolatory elegance. I also thank you for your transcriptions from the tales told by Hannah Wilkins, which represent exemplary folklore collection. Two stories were of particular interest to me. First, the association she makes of moths with the faeries, and her observation that moths were known to emerge from the mouths of the newly deceased and that they were faeries escorting the soul onwards. I believe there is a short story by Thomas Hardy that uses this little-known piece of folklore, although I cannot at the moment remember the title of the story. Secondly, the dancing faeries at prominent, large boulders, which are also said to rotate when a church bell strikes midnight. This, and variations thereof, is a motif I have found common in nineteenth-century collections, but fascinating to hear from a living person, even if she does place the anecdotes in the past. In fact, this is an important consideration — that is, to what extent are contemporary purveyors of these tales simply repeating an oral tradition passed down as stories over perhaps hundreds of years, as opposed to tales that have sprung up within living memory and remain current belief. My research to date suggests that there is an admixture of the two, and your own collections are beginning to add much credence to this view. With this in mind, I am taking the liberty of sending my second copy of a recent volume by WY Evans-Wentz entitled The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries, published by Oxford University Press. It contains some interpretations that I find rather unpalatable, and has undertones of theosophy and Eastern religious ideas, but the actual collections, from contemporary interviewees, are most fascinating and you may see similarities in the beliefs of our Celtic cousins to those you have been describing from your Somersetshire worthies. Please accept this as a gift of gratitude for the diligence you have applied to collecting local folklore, and your cordiality in sharing the fruits of your labour with me. On a final note regarding your father’s death, I have, as you may imagine, been present at the occasion of death of many people, and that moment of lucidness you describe is actually rather common. I have always thought and hoped that they receive this lucidness as a final gift from our Lord before their souls are taken in to His Being. But I have never felt what you describe, and I think that perhaps this is easily explained by reason of you being a more sensitive person than I. Please do send me any further transcriptions when you have the time, and rest assured that they are being carefully filed along with the gathered material I have accumulated over the past ten years or so.

Yours with esteem,

Charles Kilpatrick

Cambridge.

*

Wednesday, 24th September, 1919

Dear Revd Charles Kilpatrick,

I must first thank you with much gratitude for the gift of this beautiful and fascinating book by Dr Evans-Wentz. I am already on my second reading and taking most copious notes. Whilst I find some of the doctor’s discussions rather dense and obtuse, perhaps this is simply because they are new to me. For example, what he terms the Animistic Theory is something I do find difficult to understand, but then I have not spent years studying the anthropology of the subject matter as he evidently has. It was so thoughtful of you to send it to me. Thank you also for your kind words about my letter writing. I know my handwriting could be better, but sometimes my thoughts work quicker than my hand! My father was not a rich man, but he did inherit some family wealth, which allowed for private tutoring and then for me to attend Cheltenham Ladies’ College as a boarder for three years through to the age of sixteen. I cannot say I enjoyed my time at the college — I was treated as a poor country girl — but I will forever be indebted to the education I received there, which allowed me later to become a school teacher at the church school, although I have not held that position since early last year due to the time required to care for my father, who was mostly bound to the house for the last nine months of his life. In terms of further testimonies, some people in the hamlet have heard that I am collecting folklore and in correspondence with you, and some are keen to have me record their stories, although I have no idea what they may consist of, and whether they will be appropriate for your usage. But I have had little time to attend to this lately, as my cousin John is staying with me for a few weeks, and I am afraid to say that we have had several quarrels regarding my father’s will and the status of the cottage. I am therefore sending another batch of stories from my father’s collection, fair copied, which I very much hope meet with your approval. As previously, most of these anecdotes are from one or, more usually, two generations in the past, and seem to have been passed down almost like family heirlooms to the tellers. You will be interested, I am sure, in the story of Stephen Marsh, an acquaintance of my father, whose uncle was returning from peat cutting on the Levels with several other men at dusk, when they were confronted by a small wizened woman offering them a bunch of withered flowers. The group of men took fright, but the youngest among them, just a boy of sixteen, took the flowers before the woman disappeared into thin air. He died within a week of the incident. I know Stephen Marsh and have heard this story from him myself. His uncle swore this story was true to his dying day, and always thought of the woman as a faerie with malicious intent, although perhaps she may have just been a harbinger of the boy’s demise; a supernatural herald, so to speak, with no malevolent intent. But this is perhaps me overthinking the story and I am sure that you will assess it with much more rationality. As you will see, there are two short anecdotal tales of ‘faerie lights’ on the Levels (one associated with ethereal pipe music). As mentioned in my last letter to you, I have seen these myself recently, once with my friend Elsie, who saw just what I had seen, therefore precluding the possibility that they were a figment of my imagination. I intend walking down onto the Levels this week or next to see if I can ascertain whether there is some natural explanation for this phenomenon, or whether I am indeed seeing faeries! Once again, I thank you from the bottom of my heart for your gift, which has invigorated me in the study of this most fascinating of subjects. And most of all, thank you for taking the time to engage with me amidst your busy life.

Ever faithfully yours,

Grace Bartholomew

Mudgley, Somersetshire.

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There are evidently several missing letters at this point in the correspondence.

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Thursday, 23rd October, 1919

My dear Grace,

Please do not apologise for not being able to send any transcriptions with your last letter. Rest assured, what you have already sent constitutes a sizeable and important collection, that has been indexed and included within my archive of West-Country faerie folklore. I am, however, concerned about your health after the incident you described about your strange visit to the Levels. I have taken the liberty to discuss this with two colleagues here at the college, which I hope you do not mind, but I did want to get other opinions from gentlemen (both naturalists) with greater knowledge about these type of things than myself. One has suggested the odd lights you describe could be a phenomenon know as ignis fatuus, more commonly known as will-o’-the-wisp or jack-o’-lantern. This, my colleague tells me, is produced by some disturbance of methane in boggy or marshy areas, such as you describe. I do have several examples in my own collection of this type of sighting from the Welsh Borders from the end of the last century. Ignis fatuus often seem to be rendered in human-type form and can seem very convincing to an observer. However, your dizzy episodes and apparent aural communications from these lights are rather peculiar, unless this can be put down to simple exhaustion, as you did say that you had wandered far beyond your usual habit and remit. My other colleague made an intriguing, and slightly disturbing, suggestion that you may have consumed a certain type of mushroom, which has been shown to create both aural and visual hallucinations in people who have ingested them. They are apparently common at this time of year, and I have to ask you if you have perhaps included them in a meal, without realising their possible effects, before your visit to the Levels. These are only suggestions, however, and I in no way wish to disparage your experience, which you describe in lucid detail. I am more concerned with the illness that has taken hold of you since the event, and hope you are resting and taking medical counsel. Please do write when you can to reassure me of your health.

Your obliged and affectionate friend,

Charles

Cambridge.

*

Thursday, 30th October, 1919

Dear Charles,

I can assure you that I am well again, but would like to thank you for your concern. It is most touching to me. I can also confirm that I have not been the victim of any mind-disturbing mushrooms — I do not like mushrooms and never eat them. But I must get immediately to my news Charles. After the experience previously described to you, and when I had recovered full health, I went again down to the marshy, remote part of the Levels beyond the peat cuttings, this last Tuesday before it became dark. This time my friend Elsie came with me part of the way, and there were the lights again, moving in such a way that she took fright and begged me to return to the hamlet with her. I became, I have to admit, rather obdurate and told her to return home if she wished but that I wanted to find out what these lights were about. So, I went alone along the tenuous path (an old drove-way), all the while watching the lights move at a distance of about two hundred yards away, across a series of large pools of water that have formed after the recent heavy rains. Again I felt a dizziness as I looked at them. If they are the methane phenomenon your colleague has suggested then I think I would have recognised them as such. But these lights move with such dexterity and seem to act like wispy human-like figures. Elsie thought they were spirits of the dead, but I think they are something else — something that struggles to appear in our material world, something faerie-like. And as before, they have voices that ring inside my head. I know you may think this the result of exhaustion or some trick of sounds in the air, and you may be right. But these voices were alluring, a little as in a dream, but I assure you this was no dream. The words sounded foreign to me in no language I knew, and strangely mixed together, almost sing-song, but I somehow understood I was being beckoned. I stood stock still for I do not know how long, and then the lights seemed to be crossing the pools of water towards me, their amorphous feet appearing to tread on the water as if it were solid ground. At this point, for the first time, I felt afeared and made my way quickly along the path, only looking back once to notice the lights had dissolved to points of luminous blue and seemed to sink into the marshy water. When I was home, I made up the fire and attempted to collect my thoughts, and indeed, I have thought of little else since. I cannot emphasise enough how my experiences have affected me, most especially the one I have just described. I am convinced these lights have intelligence and are attempting to communicate with me. I do not know whether that makes them faeries. They have a beauty about them and I feel drawn to them in a most visceral manner. But there is also something fearsome about them. I suppose this matches their representation in much of the folklore, where they can be seductive but also to be feared. Perhaps you might think that my immersion in the stories and tales about the faeries has made me susceptible to believe in something that has a more mundane and natural explanation. I do not know if this is the case Charles — all I know is that I feel an intense compulsion to return to the Levels, most particularly to the spot where I saw the lights last. It is as though I am being called there. If the weather holds I intend doing this alone tomorrow on All Hallow’s Eve, whilst there is still light. You might think this may not be the most propitious day to go seeking faeries, but I simply must satisfy myself as to the reality, or otherwise, of these most mysterious light forms. I should write to you about other things that are happening here, most especially my continuing vexation with cousin John and his demands about the legal arrangements concerning the cottage, but the truth is I can think of little else than my visitors on the Levels — they inhabit my mind throughout the day, and have even seeped in to my dreams. Perhaps after tomorrow I will be able to return to more of a regular life, and will then send you more transcriptions from my collection, as you have so far been sent only about half of them. I value your friendship so much Charles, and deem it an honour that such an esteemed and educated man such as yourself, takes the trouble to communicate so readily with me and to take me seriously. Our correspondence over the months has been a great comfort and solace to me, and I hope it will continue in to the future. Please do write when you have the opportunity, although you may receive another epistle from me if I discover more about my amorphous faerie lights tomorrow.

Ever your affectionate friend,

Grace

Mudgley, Somersetshire.

*

Wednesday, 5th November, 1919

My dear Grace,

I have been away in London for a few days and so have only seen your letter today. I reply immediately as I am somewhat concerned for your welfare. The Levels of which you tell me about sound as if they could be perilous at this time of year, and I counsel precaution and safety. However, I must confess, your encounters with the amorphous lights do fascinate me, and I trust you to render an honest and candid account of your experiences, even if I do not know quite what to make of them. As we have discussed many times, much folklore is a record of the past brought into the present through a variety of storytelling means. Until you and I began our correspondence, it was beyond my purview to think of the faeries as anything but a system of folk-belief, important, but not something a person of the twentieth century could perceive as a real phenomenon. Perhaps I have been wrong to think this. I certainly look forward to your further thoughts on what you have been witness to, even though I am troubled by some of your descriptions. Please do write soon to allay my anxiety for you. And I would, of course, always be glad to receive any more transcriptions from your collections. But first, do let me know that all is well with you.

With sincerity and affection,

Charles

Cambridge.

*

Thursday, 13th November, 1919

Dearest Grace,

It is now two weeks since your last letter and I have become anxious about your safety and your health. Forgive me if you are simply preoccupied with other matters, but I have come to know you as a punctual correspondent, and so your silence concerns me, especially in view of your recent forays on to the Levels and what you have described to have witnessed there. I have come to think of you as a friend, and thus someone to who I owe a duty of care. I should tell you that I have contrived to bring forward a matter of business I have in Bath, and will be travelling there via London tomorrow. If you do not think it an impertinence I would very much like to visit you on Sunday providing I can arrange transport to Mudgley from my lodgings in Bath. I will also send you a telegram to this effect, in case there are any delays in the post. I enclose my lodging address if you have time to confirm my visit would be appropriate, but I realise it is very short notice, and so if I do not hear from you I will take the liberty to come anyway. Please forgive my haste and forwardness, but my purpose is purely to ascertain your wellbeing and to further establish our friendship and collaboration, which has been such a pleasure to me since you first opened our correspondence in June.

Affectionately yours,

Charles

Cambridge.

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From: Neil Bartholomew <neilbartholomew24@outlook.com>

Sent: 24 September 2027 13:24

To: Victoria Bartholomew <veb13@cam.ac.uk>

Subject: Completion date on Aunty Frances’s cottage and some letters

Hello Sis — You’ll be pleased to hear that completion date on the Mudgley cottage is confirmed for Monday 27th September, so look out for your share dropping into your bank account then. I still feel some residual guilt about Aunty Frances’s inheritance as neither of us visited her very often… but I think I’ll get over it! Gizzmo and I cleared the rest of the stuff out of the attic last week, and he reckons there are some nice antique pieces amongst the clutter. He says he knows a Lovejoy-type character who might be able to get a decent price for them — but I’ll send you some photos in case you want any for yourself. However, what has occupied me mostly this week is a batch of fifteen letters we found in a box in the attic. As you’ll see, they are correspondence from 1919 between a chaplain at Cambridge called Revd Charles Kilpatrick and Miss Grace Bartholomew here in Mudgley. She must have copied her own letters to him as they’re altogether in the box. A few seem to be missing in the middle of the correspondence, and the last two letters from him were unopened (I felt a bit bad opening them, but how could I not), the reason for which will become obvious when you read them. They are quite something, and I must admit I’ve become quite obsessed with them over the week. He was evidently some sort of folklorist collecting stories about West-Country faeries, and she was sending him material from her collection. None of that seems to have survived, all there was were the letters. They really are quite charming, and I’ve come to like them both immensely. The letters get more affectionate over the months and Grace goes from telling him about other people’s stories to recounting her own encounters with strange lights on the Levels, which she seems to have thought of as faeries. But I’m afraid it looks like Grace may have met a bad end, as the last two (unopened) letters are him getting anxious about her not replying to him, and then there are no more. I don’t think she can have had any children, but she does mention a cousin John Bartholomew, who might, in some way be our ancestor. You’re better at the family genealogy than me though. In the last letter Kilpatrick says he is going to come down here — I’d love to know how that panned out. I’ve scanned all the letters. The handwriting is quite easy to decipher, but Gizzmo’s put them through a bit of nifty software that converts the writing to a text document. It makes some mistakes, but I think I’ve corrected these, and so I’ll send you both the scans and the converted text as attachments in a separate email. I know you’ll love them, and I’d very much like to know what you think. Speak soon.

Much love,

n.x

*

From: Victoria Bartholomew <veb13@cam.ac.uk>

Sent: 27 September 2027 13:24

To: Neil Bartholomew <neilbartholomew24@outlook.com>

Subject: Re: Completion date on Aunty Frances’s cottage and some letters

Neil — the money was transferred this morning. I’m still reeling at the amount and yes, I’m feeling some guilt about how undeserving I am of dear old Aunty Frances’s largesse. Thanks for dealing with everything, and sorry I couldn’t help more — you’re the best brother ever. You’ll have a present of gratitude (clue: something you’ve been wanting for a while), and there’s a big kiss waiting for you when you come to Cambridge next month. But now, to those letters. Wow… what a find! I think I’ve been over them three or four times over the weekend, always seeing something new. It’s a lovely epistolatory relationship isn’t it. And the language — so polite and restrained (and Grace’s handwriting is so beautiful). I like the way Charles warms to Grace over the months, and it sounds as if she were having some genuine sorts of paranormal experiences. Were they Will-o’-the-wisps or faeries? What do you think? I’ve sent the letters to my colleague Dr Mary Hodson, who is researching English folk customs of this period — I’ll let you know what she thinks of it all. And yes, what happened to poor Grace? Taken by the faeries/fell into the marsh/murdered by cousin John! Or perhaps she was ok and the reverend was worrying about nothing — although this seems unlikely as his last two letters were unopened, and there was no more correspondence. I wonder if we can track down some newspaper articles from the time, to see if there are any reports about what happened to Grace. It’s been ages since I made a half-hearted attempt to trace the family tree, and I think I’ve lost everything I did when my laptop blew up (you remember that disaster no doubt). If Grace didn’t have any children then it’s certainly possible that the cousin, John Bartholomew, could be our ancestor, three or four generations back. What if he did do away with her — we might have a murderer in the family tree! But I prefer to think she got whisked away to Faerieland and is living there still. And as you say, it would be wonderful if we could find out if Charles Kilpatrick wrote to anyone else about his trip there. I wonder if he left an archive of any type. Actually, if he did, maybe the collected stories Grace sent him are in it as well. A bit of a long-shot, but if my colleague Mary takes the bait, she might be interested enough to go looking for something. Anyway, thanks again for everything and sharing this beautiful correspondence with me. I’m so looking forward to seeing you next month. Maybe I should sign-off like they did… Ever your affectionate sister.

All my love,

Vix

PS: Mary Dodson has just sent me a message. She says she’s gobsmacked (her word) by the letters and has already searched around for anything published by Revd Charles Kilpatrick, but has only found some religious pamphlets, so it doesn’t look as if he got round to publishing his research into West-Country faeries. But she says she’ll start looking into him, and whether any of his archive survives here in Cambridge or elsewhere. I’ll keep you posted.

___________________________________________

Coda

Tuesday, 18th November, 1919

My dearest sister Fanny,

I do hope you are well and recovered from the coId you told me about in your letter last week. This disquieted me as you will know about the high mortality rates from the influenza outbreaks in recent times. But your description of the mildness of the symptoms has reassured me. I write to you from Bath having just returned from the hamlet of Mudgley. The journey there and back has been particularly unpleasant, most especially the legs between Wells and Mudgley, which necessitated riding in an open trap pulled by an elderly cob through persistent rain. You have heard from me all about Miss Grace Bartholomew and the correspondence I have been engaged in with her since the summer, so you will not be surprised that I felt the compunction to visit her when her letters ceased. I apologise for not informing you of my doing this, but I did not want to cause you unwarranted concern. I will let you have more details when you are in Cambridge at the end of the month, but wanted to set down in writing what happened during my visit, as much to gather my own thoughts of perturbation as anything else. In brief — I arrived in Mudgley at shortly after eleven o’clock on Sunday morning, half wet through, cold, and not in the best state of mind. It is sizeable for a hamlet and the houses (a mixture of good stone houses and cottages) are strung out along several muddy lanes, all of which command views over the Levels of Somersetshire, although these were obscured whilst I was there by the low cloud and drizzling rain. I called at several properties and was met with various levels of surliness, but eventually received directions to Grace’s cottage from one wide-eyed local with an accent I could barely make out as English. Her small stone cottage was very pretty, but I must admit that I felt a type of faintness as I approached and rapped upon the door. There was no answer and no smoke from the chimney, so I decided all I could do was enquire at the directly neighbouring houses, numbering six or seven. I’m afraid I met with with varying degrees of suspicion and obfuscation from the householders, and became rather despondent, not to mention more wet and cold. But by happenstance, as I made my way to the large cider farm at the end of the hamlet, I met with a young woman who was returning home by foot from church in the nearest village. This turned out to be Grace’s friend, a Miss Elsie Everdene. She became very disconcerted when she learned who I was, but with a friendliness I had hitherto not found in the hamlet, she invited me into her cottage, where she lived with her parents. I was rather relieved they were not at home, so that I was able to get a candid synopsis of what had happened from Miss Everdene, who was visibly upset, but keen to impart what she knew. It turns out that Grace did venture out on to the Levels on All Hallow’s Eve, as she had told me she would in her last letter. Elsie had begged her not to, as large areas had become flooded with the recent rains, but Grace had been insistent and disappeared onto the Levels wrapped in her late father’s great coat and carrying a satchel and torch in case the darkness came early. She promised Elsie she would call in on her upon her return, but this did not happen, and once it had been dark for an hour or so, Elsie became concerned. She shared her unease with her parents, and then the three of them called at Grace’s cottage but there was no response. The father made a brief foray down on to the Levels to call for Grace, but the endeavour seemed useless in the dark, and it was decided to leave things until first light. When the next day broke, and Grace was still not to be found at home, a general agitation extended to everyone in the hamlet. A dozen of the men-folk set out on to the Levels (acting from Elsie’s directions of where she thought Grace was heading) to scour the area, but they drew a blank. To cut a long story short, the police were informed and there have been several searches of the area by the authorities over the last two weeks, but there has been no trace of Grace. Her cousin John has been questioned by the police, but Elsie knew no more about this. John was not popular in the hamlet, being seen as an outsider, and much suspicion has been heaped upon him for Grace’s disappearance (especially in light of some legal disputes as to the ownership of her cottage), but Elsie thinks this mistrust is unfounded. In short, she truly believes that Grace has been taken by the lights on the Levels. But when she began to talk about this she became increasingly distraught, and I did not want to press her on the subject. At any rate, at this time her parents returned home. They were cordial, but evidently did not want to extend discussion of Grace’s disappearance, so I left it at that and asked Miss Everdene to write to me further with her thoughts and any more news from further investigations. Grace was evidently much loved in the hamlet, and there is much disquietude about what has happened, which may explain the aloofness I experienced, as people here must currently be suspect of strangers snooping around. As you may imagine, this whole affair has left me most disturbed, and not without a little guilt at not having dissuaded Grace from chasing after her faerie lights on the Levels. I had grown fond of her and have a sense of disbelief as to what has happened. May our Lord have mercy on her. One more thing — as I awaited my trap back to Wells at the edge of the hamlet, the cloud cover cleared for a few minutes and I was afforded a view over the Levels, which are certainly beautiful, but stark and somehow melancholy, even haunted. And in the distance, between pools of water and scrub, I am convinced I saw three lights moving along the side of the water before disappearing from view. It instilled in me a feeling of fear dread and incertitude, and I left with emotions of both great sadness and of a deep incredulity as to what really may have happened to my friend Miss Grace Bartholomew, and to who, or what, had caused her disappearance. This is all I can write at the moment my dear Fanny. We will talk more of it in due course.

Always affectionately your brother,

Charles

Bath.

***

Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now…

***

Dr Francis Young’s spot-on review of the new book ‘Perilous Enchantment: The True History of Faeries’ by Sarah Clegg

Pistis Sophia

This is a stylistic experiment, where a short story is mirrored by a blank-verse poetic version. The title Pistis Sophia references the 3rd-century Gnostic text, usually translated as ‘Faith in Wisdom’.

Pistis Sophia

I was seven when I first went there. Freed from the apron-strings and able to wander at will, I followed the darkling tree-lined brook upstream, crossing it on stepping stones and parlaying the water in to something greater than it at first seemed. I navigated the barely traceable tracks of wild animals through the long grasses, and passed over long-disused weirs, their crumbling stonework fascinating me as if remnants of an ancient civilisation. I had no idea how brooks and streams and rivers worked, but something innate within me told of a source, of a beginning, which I might find, and where magic might reside. For in those days magic filled my childish mind, before the world squeezed it out of me.

Dazzled by the glint of sunlight on the water in a clearing, I would see the amorphous shapes of the faeries, dancing and playing on the bank, both aware and unaware of my gaze. I never questioned their reality, imbued as I was with their presence in the books I read and had read to me. Their slithering movement mirrored the ebbs and flows of the brook, and I have no idea how much time would pass as I crouched and watched them in a trance. Looking back, that dazed state of childish reverie probably allowed me to see what was really there; things usually hidden from more sophisticated and unaltered eyes. They had a beautiful menace about them, but I was never afraid, only delighted at their existence. Then when the sun became clouded the faeries turned obscure, and faded into the languorous, dipping branches of the willow trees. When this happened the daydream would fracture, and I would continue my quest northwards along the brook.

These days of summer wanderings merged as one in my memory. But never did I reach the source, and I began to wonder if it existed at all, or whether the brook was some eternal emanation, unfindable and unknowable. Then one day at summer’s end with a grey-scale sky, I saw no faeries in their usual haunts and so made it further than I had ever done along the ever-dwindling stream. And where the land rose in to a shallow slope, I saw a damp grove of alders, the wind making their low canopies rustle in to a secretive musical tune, inviting me and enticing me. Inside the grove was a muddy pool, but at its head was a stone-lined shaft where crystalline water plumed and gushed, and ran away to form the brook behind me. I skirted the worst of the mud and made it on to the capstone, where, placed with evident intent, I found a silver crucifix inlaid with gemstones that changed from blue to green as I rolled it in my palm. In my memory this hypnosis of colours induced me to sleep and dream there on that day; at least that is what I have always told the few I deemed to tell of the lady who then came to me, luminous but also unseen, as if from the source itself. But in my heart I know that dream was not all a dream. It was instead a gnosis. A gnosis spoken to me in aqua cadence, both external and internal.

‘Child of Light — Light I have given to you from the Pleroma. Remember me when you suffer. Remember the Divine spark within you. Though surrounded by clay and chaos, the Light will always be in your vessel. Eternal as the Aeons, never fading. I will always be with you, as Sophia and the Magdalene. Remember. Maranatha.’

I have no memory of the aftermath of my theophany, how I left the source and returned home or how my days panned out afterwards. But the moment was an epiphany, and from then I became an adult trapped in a child’s body and mind. I became out of place and withdrew within the confines of my own psyche. I did, of course, attempt to find the spring, the source, again, but never could. The faeries too were gone, and within a year we left that place.

In later years, in later life, I wandered in the world amidst the clay and chaos; never finding my place and always outcast. Suffering seemed to be a natural condition, as though I had given it permission to be the ruler of my spirit. But always I remembered. I remembered the Light that had been given to me; the spark within me as contrast to the density of the world. And most of all I remembered Sophia — the Magdalene was always in my heart.

And now, now I have returned, old and grey and worn out by the heartaches, grief and traumas of life. Sixty years away from here but nothing seems to have changed. I make my way, slowly and painfully, along the brook. The willows are still here. They cannot be the same ones, but for my purpose they may as well be. And the faeries are now nothing but the nebulous movements of reeds swaying along the bank, rationalised as tricks of the eye, and put away to childish days. The old illness slows my progress, tormenting me to rest more and more. And as the sun sinks I begin to cry, and I begin to pray, to what I do not know. But it is a prayer to the Light amidst the dusk, the Light I have always kept aglow, the Light inextinguishable. I sit and pause again, knowing I will not reach the source; it is beyond me whilst I’m wrapped in clay, whilst seeing with these darksome eyes. And this time I sit and fall, a brutal pulse of searing pain brings me prone to the ground and darkness is my place and state. But the darkness isn’t really darkness. It is something else. It evaporates. Annihilation turns out to be Light. The Light comes from the source, and She speaks to me as in a chord beyond the universe.

‘You have gnosis my child. The light of the sun is not the Light of Truth. The Light was within you all the time. It was given to you by me; now you return it, and you are free. Maranatha.’


Pistis Sophia

I was seven when I first went there.
Freed from the apron-strings and able to wander at will,
I followed the darkling tree-lined brook upstream,
Crossing it on stepping stones
And parlaying the water in to something greater than it at first seemed.
I navigated the barely traceable tracks of wild animals
Through the long grasses, and passed over long-disused weirs,
Their crumbling stonework fascinating me
As if remnants of an ancient civilisation.
I had no idea how brooks and streams and rivers worked,
But something innate within me told of a source, of a beginning,
Which I might find, and where magic might reside.
For in those days magic filled my childish mind,
Before the world squeezed it out of me.

Dazzled by the glint of sunlight on the water in a clearing,
I would see the amorphous shapes of the faeries,
Dancing and playing on the bank, both aware and unaware of my gaze.
I never questioned their reality,
Imbued as I was with their presence in the books I read and had read to me.
Their slithering movement mirrored the ebbs and flows of the brook,
And I have no idea how much time would pass
As I crouched and watched them in a trance.
Looking back, that dazed state of childish reverie
Probably allowed me to see what was really there;
Things usually hidden from more sophisticated and unaltered eyes.
They had a beautiful menace about them,
But I was never afraid, only delighted at their existence.
Then when the sun became clouded the faeries turned obscure,
And faded into the languorous, dipping branches of the willow trees.
When this happened the daydream would fracture,
And I would continue my quest northwards along the brook.

These days of summer wanderings merged as one in my memory.
But never did I reach the source, and I began to wonder if it existed at all,
Or whether the brook was some eternal emanation,
Unfindable and unknowable.
Then one day at summer’s end with a grey-scale sky,
I saw no faeries in their usual haunts
And so made it further than I had ever done
Along the ever-dwindling stream.
And where the land rose in to a shallow slope,
I saw a damp grove of alders,
The wind making their low canopies rustle in to a secretive musical tune,
Inviting me and enticing me.
Inside the grove was a muddy pool,
But at its head was a stone-lined shaft
Where crystalline water plumed and gushed,
And ran away to form the brook behind me.
I skirted the worst of the mud and made it on to the capstone,
Where, placed with evident intent,
I found a silver crucifix inlaid with gemstones
That changed from blue to green as I rolled it in my palm.
In my memory this hypnosis of colours induced me to sleep
And dream there on that day;
At least that is what I have always told the few
I deemed to tell of the lady who then came to me,
Luminous but also unseen, as if from the source itself.
But in my heart I know that dream was not all a dream.
It was instead a gnosis.
A gnosis spoken to me in aqua cadence,
Both external and internal.

‘Child of Light — Light I have given to you from the Pleroma.
Remember me when you suffer.
Remember the Divine spark within you.
Though surrounded by clay and chaos,
The Light will always be in your vessel.
Eternal as the Aeons, never fading.
I will always be with you,
As Sophia and the Magdalene. Remember.
Maranatha.’

I have no memory of the aftermath of my theophany,
How I left the source and returned home
Or how my days panned out afterwards.
But the moment was an epiphany,
And from then I became an adult trapped in a child’s body and mind.
I became out of place and withdrew
Within the confines of my own psyche.
I did, of course, attempt to find the spring,
The source, again, but never could.
The faeries too were gone, and within a year we left that place.

In later years, in later life, I wandered in the world
Amidst the clay and chaos; never finding my place and always outcast.
Suffering seemed to be a natural condition,
As though I had given it permission to be the ruler of my spirit.
But always I remembered.
I remembered the Light that had been given to me;
The spark within me as contrast to the density of the world.
And most of all I remembered Sophia —
The Magdalene was always in my heart.

And now, now I have returned,
Old and grey and worn out by the heartaches, grief and traumas of life.
Sixty years away from here but nothing seems to have changed.
I make my way, slowly and painfully, along the brook.
The willows are still here.
They cannot be the same ones, but for my purpose they may as well be.
And the faeries are now nothing but the nebulous movements
Of reeds swaying along the bank, rationalised as tricks of the eye,
And put away to childish days.
The old illness slows my progress, tormenting me to rest more and more.
And as the sun sinks I begin to cry,
And I begin to pray, to what I do not know.
But it is a prayer to the Light amidst the dusk,
The Light I have always kept aglow,
The Light inextinguishable.
I sit and pause again, knowing I will not reach the source;
It is beyond me whilst I’m wrapped in clay,
Whilst seeing with these darksome eyes.
And this time I sit and fall, a brutal pulse of searing pain
Brings me prone to the ground and darkness is my place and state.
But the darkness isn’t really darkness. It is something else.
It evaporates. Annihilation turns out to be Light.
The Light comes from the source,
And She speaks to me as in a chord beyond the universe.

‘You have gnosis my child.
The light of the sun is not the Light of Truth.
The Light was within you all the time.
It was given to you by me;
Now you return it, and you are free.
Maranatha.’

***

The cover image is original artwork by Victoria Darcy.

***

Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now…

The Faerie Phenomenon in Folkloric and Modern Experience

This article was published originally on Graham Hancock’s website. It has been slightly modified for this post, although the section on DMT has been left as it initially appeared. A more recent discussion (including the latest clinical research into the DMT phenomenon) can be found in my article ‘Faerie-type Entities and and the DMT Experience: An Ontological Survey’.

Faeries have been an important part of the folkloric repertoire for hundreds (perhaps even thousands) of years, and while they are portrayed in the popular imagination through faerie tales, and have become disneyfied through the 20th century, their main presence is in the myriad of folklore from every part of the globe. They usually (though not always) take a humanoid form, and interact with human societies as amorphous supernatural entities, appearing in our world to both co-operate with people and as general arbiters of discord, while also living in their own Otherworld, sometimes accessible to humans either through accident or design. While the phenomenon is ancient, the belief in these metaphysical beings continues, and there are thousands of encounter reports from all over the world every year, as demonstrated in the recent surveys by The Fairy Investigation Society, which includes c.1000 testimonies.i

But folklorists are often ambivalent about the faeries; they are likely to keep their distance from them, so to speak. While happy to record and discuss the beliefs of people who tell stories and anecdotes about them, most folklorists speak the language (at least in official publications) of the reductionist, materialist worldview, and they’ll often be reticent about assessing the potential actual reality of supernatural beings. In the materialist’s world, faeries simply cannot exist. They must be reduced into a categorised cultural belief system, and any discussion of them will usually be couched in the accepted language of scientific rationalism. This creates a problem for any folklorist (or anybody else) who wants to look behind the stories and investigate the possibility that the faeries can be incorporated into our consensus reality as a genuine phenomenon.

But the reductionist scientific orthodoxy has been challenged recently by a range of philosophical hypotheses such as Panpsychism and Idealism, backed up by quantum theory and experiment, which reinstates consciousness (not matter) as the primary mover and creator of reality.ii When this is done, entities such as faeries are allowed back into the universe as a potentially authentic phenomenon.

The Origins of the Faeries in Altered States of Consciousness

Our earliest known artistic portrayals of the world, and how human consciousness interacted with it, come in the form of cave paintings from all parts of the globe, starting c.40,000 BCE.iii Many of these cave paintings include humanoids and therianthropes; otherworldly entities that have been recorded alongside geometric imagery, stylised animals and landscapes. The paintings are in effect our earliest known folklore. But what state of mind were our Palaeolithic ancestors in when they were painting these strange entities in often difficult to access caves and shelters?

Parietal art in cave systems at Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria, c. 7,000 BCE (PD0)

The anthropologist David Lewis-Williams has made the convincing argument that these cave and rock-shelter paintings were produced by shamanic cultures to represent reality as perceived in an altered state of consciousness.iv Thirty years ago this idea was anathema to anthropologists, but since the work of Lewis-Williams, and many others, the theory has tipped over to become more orthodox. There are hundreds of motifs in the cave paintings that correlate with the visionary states of people in an altered state of consciousness, brought about most especially by the ingestion of a psychotropic substance. The basic premise is that the shamans of these Palaeolithic cultures transported themselves into altered states of consciousness and then painted the results of their experiences on the walls of caves and rock shelters — experiences that frequently included therianthropic beings and supernatural humanoids that correlate in many ways with later faerie types.

In his 2005 book Supernatural: Meetings with the Ancient Teachers of Mankind, Graham Hancock vividly utilises Lewis-Williams’ work to discuss the continuity through time of entities experienced in altered states of consciousness, coming to the conclusion that the faeries of our historic period are perhaps one and the same as those portrayed in prehistoric caves.v And writers such as Carlo Ginzburg and Emma Wilby have argued that there is a direct link between prehistoric shamanic storytelling and the folklore embodied in classical, medieval and later periods, that often incorporate entities such as nymphs and faeries; supernatural beings that interact with humanity when the conditions are right.vi Those conditions may well be reliant on the human participants undergoing an altered state of consciousness as a result of the ingestion of psychotropic compounds. There is certainly a preponderance of mushroom imagery associated to historic depictions of faeries, most especially the highly psychedelic red and white Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) mushroom, and the psilocybin mushroom, both prevalent in Europe and Asia. If these historic folkloric manifestations of interactions with supernatural entities can be linked to the cave art of prehistory and preliterate societies, then we have a continuation of relationship with an alternative reality, accessed through altered states of consciousness, over a very long period of time.

17th-century English woodcut for a chapbook, with dancing faeries, burial mound (hollow hill with door), fly agaric mushroom and the face of a ‘spirit’ in the tree (PD0)

Many of the European faerie motifs repeated in stories and anecdotes through the centuries to the present day were already in place during the medieval period. When folklorists began to collect these stories in earnest from the 19th century onwards, they found a belief in faeries amongst rural populations that was probably very close to the medieval belief and understanding of what faeries were and how they interacted with humanity. Many stories include situations where the protagonist(s) interacts with the faeries in what seems an altered state of consciousness; consistently inhabited by strange humanoids and therianthropes (the faeries), and there are lots of recurring story motifs that are highly suggestive of an autonomous reality being described. But this is not consensus reality, this is the folklore recording stories from people operating outside consensus reality. The folklore about faeries has been overlain with much allegorical storytelling, but at their root the realities they describe are of people in altered states of consciousness (facilitated by a range of agents), perhaps not too far from the realities experienced by the Palaeolithic cave painters and shamanic practitioners.

Clairvoyance and the Memory of Nature

When the folklorist WY Evans-Wentz travelled around the Celtic world at the beginning of the 20th century, collecting stories and anecdotal experiences about the faeries, it was clear that many of his interviewees rated clairvoyance as the best way of altering the conscious state to a position where it could interact with the faeries.vii Seership or second-sight was the method of entering, or at least viewing, an alternative reality inhabited by a relatively consistent cast of characters, usually recognised as the faeries. He met one such Irish clairvoyant (un-named in the text, but evidently George William Russell, often known by the pseudonym Æ) in Rosses Point, County Sligo. This seer talked about various types of faeries that inhabited the landscape of Sligo, ‘making them sound like a cross between nature spirits and mystical visions.’ But Evans-Wentz was just as interested in the mechanics of interacting with the faeries as he was with the stories themselves. How did the seer interface with them?

‘I have always made a distinction between pictures seen in the memory of nature and visions of actual beings now existing in the inner world. We can make the same distinction in our world: I may close my eyes and see you as a vivid picture in memory, or I may look at you with my physical eyes and see your actual image. In seeing these beings of which I speak, the physical eyes may be open or closed: mystical beings in their own world and nature are never seen with the physical eyes.’viii

The rural people interviewed by Evans-Wentz consistently affirmed that clairvoyant alteration of consciousness was the best sure-fire way to see the faeries. By the time Evans-Wentz visited these communities, there was a sense that the number of people gifted with second-sight was dwindling; cutting down on communication with the faeries. But at the same time as these rural communities were feeling the increasing pressures of modernism there was a reaction by organisations such as The Theosophical Society (first founded in 1875), which attempted to incorporate supernatural entities into an understanding of reality.ix And their prime metaphysical technology was clairvoyance. The Austrian Theosophist Rudolf Steiner attempted to explain the mechanics of clairvoyance, when a person must transform their usually passive thought forms into something more dynamic. In normal consciousness, thoughts:

‘… allow themselves to be connected and separated, to be formed and then dismissed. This life of thought must develop in the elemental world a step further. There a person is not in a position to deal with thoughts that are passive. If someone really succeeds in entering the world with his clairvoyant soul, it seems as though his thoughts were not things over which he has any command; they are living beings… You thrust your consciousness into a place, it seems, where you do not find thoughts that are like those in the physical world, but where they are living beings.’x


Rudolf Steiner in 1905 (PD0)

Steiner described the specific elemental animating forces at work in the natural world, when perceived clairvoyantly, in what he calls a Supersensible World. For Steiner the elementals in Supersensible World existed as a range of beings, from devas, which are responsible for entire autonomous landscapes, through to the smaller nature spirits charged with the growth of vegetation. Steiner (basing his epistemology on that originally developed by the 16th-century alchemist Paracelsus)xi divides these entities into four main types corresponding to earth (Gnomic), water (Undines), air (Sylphs) and heat/light (Salamanders). This is the faerie realm, existing as a non-material autonomous reality that crosses over with ours, and which can be accessed via a clairvoyant altered state of consciousness. Steiner thought everyone has this innate ability, but they had to be taught how to use it; it had somehow become almost forgotten amongst humanity.

This idea finds common ground with the recent work of biochemist Rupert Sheldrake, who proposes that morphogenetic fields are the formative causation allowing life on earth.xii Sheldrake’s description of this organising principle behind the natural world is issued in the language of biochemistry, but in effect, what he postulates is the same as Steiner’s vision of nature spirits in action. There are invisible forces that are as essential in ordering life on earth as accepted non-material forces such as gravity. Sheldrake calls these morphogenetic fields ‘the memory of nature’ (echoing Evans-Wentz’s Irish seer). In effect, Steiner saw nature spirits as anthropogenic representations of these morphogenetic fields, imposed upon them through the thought forms of the observer, who perceives them clairvoyantly.

The Faeries and DMT

But what allows this access to otherworldly realms and the entities that seem to exist there? What causes clairvoyance, or second-sight? Many of Evans-Wentz’s respondents and Theosophists such as Steiner seem to suggest it is a natural attribute — a gift of consciousness. However, there may well also be a chemical component: N, N-dimethyltryptamine – DMT. This molecule is one of the main active ingredients utilised by Amazonian shamans: the Psychotria viridis and Diplopterys cabrerana plants, containing DMT, are used in conjunction with the Banisteriopsis caapi vine to produce the brew usually known as Ayahuasca, which invokes radically transformed states of consciousness, and often entity encounters.xiii But DMT is also produced endogenously in everyone’s brain, potentially in either the lungs or the pineal gland.xiv It seems that under certain circumstances, it can be released in higher quantities, causing an altered state of consciousness. This would require the DMT to be released in conjunction with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI), which inhibit naturally occurring enzymes in the human body. This may allow a surge of DMT production to have full effect and create radically transformed states of consciousness.

While there remains a lack of definitive evidence that endogenously produced DMT might be responsible for altering states of consciousness and potentially allowing experiences with non-human intelligence, there is no doubt that when DMT is insufflated or injected the results often invoke entry into non-physical realities inhabited by a range of entities, many of which adhere to a faerie taxonomy. The late Terence McKenna was an enthusiastic user of the synthesised form of DMT to access different realities, and coined the term ‘self-transforming machine elves’ for the creatures he regularly found there. As if to confirm Terence’s assertions, a research study conducted between 1990 and 1995 in the General Clinical Research Center of the University of New Mexico Hospital, by Dr Rick Strassman found that volunteers on the study injected with varying amounts of DMT underwent profound alterations of consciousness.xv This involved immediate cessation of normal consciousness and transportation to a different realm of reality with divergent metaphysical properties, and inhabited by a range of creatures described as elves, faeries, lizards, reptiles, insects, aliens, clowns and various therianthropic entities. One woman even describes a pulsating entity that she called ‘Tinkerbell-like’. The experiences, especially at higher doses, represented to the participants a parallel reality that was ‘super real’; not an hallucination, not a dream, but a substantial built reality with full sensory interaction and often telepathy with the resident entities.

The experience reports from the study are irrational, absurd, frightening, illogical and surreal. There is no question of any of the volunteers physically leaving the hospital bed during their experiences, but for all of them (without exception) the DMT-world was every bit as real as the one their minds left behind. After the injections participants frequently talked about ‘blasting through’ or ‘breaking through a barrier’ after which they found themselves in a realm with its own laws of physical space and movement, and its own inhabitants.

There are over a hundred recorded experiences from the study, where the participants all engage in a non-physical reality directly with their consciousness, seemingly separated from their physical selfs. There have been several more surveys (although no further clinical research) delineating the faerie-type entities experienced through DMT, most recently by Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, where 2561 testimonies were assessed.xvi Many of the experience reports do correlate closely to the folkloric faerie phenomenology. But what the research demonstrates is that under the right conditions, human consciousness can operate within a distinct and separate universe inhabited by a range of apparently autonomous entities. These entities may be one and the same as those recorded in prehistoric cave art and historic folklore, by people who were describing the beings encountered during various types of altered states of consciousness, brought on either actively or passively. The faeries may change superficially through time, adapting to the expectations of the culture they are part of, but if it is human consciousness they are interacting with, this is no surprise. Underneath the cultural masks, the faeries begin to reveal their true selfs.

Certain medical conditions also seem responsible for periodically transporting people into a non-material environment inhabited by entities. This is certainly the case with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. This condition may be the root of the unusually well-documented 17th-century Cornish story of Anne Jefferies’ abduction by diminutive faeries when she suffered a ‘convulsion fit’ and was transported (at least in her mind) to a numinous world inhabited by the faeries.xvii The author Eve LaPlante has used historic and contemporary examples to demonstrate that Temporal Lobe Epilepsy can provide access to an altered state of consciousness where the human mind participates in a reality several steps removed from the consensus material world.xviii This often includes full immersion in alternative landscapes and contact with non-human intelligence.

Illustration from Robert Hunt’s Popular Romances of the West of England (1865) (PD0)

Perception via the brain certainly gives us a very limited view of what is actually going on around us. Altering the usual transmission of consciousness through the brain (actively or passively) seems to allow non-material awareness more of a free rein. As in a dream, an altered consciousness is able to construct metaphysical realities. It is able to communicate with the entities it finds there, and bring back a report. The relative consistency of the inhabitants of this alternative reality may suggest that they live there all the time, non-physical, and only able to interact with our physical world when conditions are right for an individual’s consciousness. This is the crux: does consciousness create physical reality, or is consciousness an epiphenomenon of the brain? If the former, then the realities experienced in altered states of consciousness can be accepted as potentially real, with their own autonomous existence. If the latter, then while entities such as the faeries may be subjectively real, they do not exist objectively within the electromagnetic spectrum.

Faeries and Aliens

The ontological reality of faeries has in recent decades also become linked to other ‘paranormal’ activity types, primary of which is the intrusion into our consensus reality of entities usually known as aliens. The first person to suggest a definitive link between the the reports of folkloric faerie experiences and alien encounters was the astronomer and computer scientist Jacques Vallée. In his 1969 book Passport to Magonia he put forward the theory that the faeries were one and the same as the alien beings who had been purportedly abducting people around the world for a couple of decades by that date.xix His hypothesis is that there is a commonality to the experiences reported in alien abduction scenarios, and the reports of interactions with faeries in folklore. He suggests the aliens and the faeries are essentially the same phenomenon, tuned through the cultural receptors of the time and then interpreted accordingly. He makes special reference to the regular motifs in folklore of the abduction, by various means, of humans by faeries. There’s a lot of data here – it’s the commonest motif in faerie folklore. For a variety of reasons humans are taken to an alternative faerie reality, either as midwives or nurses for faerie children, as servants to the faeries, for sex, as punishment or reward, or just because the faeries feel like it. These motifs, of course, coincide with many aspects of the consistently strange phenomenon of alien abduction, reports of which have grown at an exponential rate since the early 1950s. Vallée uses a range of evidence to tie-up faerie abductions from folklore and alien abductions from modern reports, and goes as far to state:

‘… the modern, global belief in flying saucers and their occupants is identical to an earlier belief in the fairy-faith. The entities described as the pilots of the craft are indistinguishable from the elves, sylphs and lutins of the Middle Ages. Through the observations of unidentified flying objects, we are concerned with an agency our ancestors knew well and regarded with terror: we are prying into the affairs of The Secret Commonwealth.’xx

The Secret Commonwealth was the term coined for the faeries by the Reverend Robert Kirk in a manuscript of 1691, which includes a detailed description of their appearance, habits and exploits, gleaned from both his own experiences and those Scottish Highlanders purporting to have second-sight, or clairvoyance.xxi As Vallée points out, Kirk’s descriptions of the faeries and their modus operandi bear more than a passing resemblance to the alien visitors of the 20th and 21st centuries.

A Faerie Passage by John Anster Fitzgerald, 1864 (PD0)

Among their attributes was an ability to float through the air with insubstantial and fluid bodies, that they could make appear and disappear at will. This allowed them to ‘swim’ through the air and carry off mortals, usually to large circular abodes, that Kirk presumed were underground, and which were lit by a dim, unknown illumination. They even had ‘ætheriall vehicles’ to carry them around the sky. Kirk also asserted that the faeries had a nature intermediate between humans and angels. Their habit of abducting humans was usually for the purpose of wet-nursing faerie children or as midwives; a theme that fits in with the deluge of recent alien abduction reports (subsequent to Vallée’s investigations in 1969) that would suggest one of the main reasons for abduction is to obtain both parents and wet-nurses for hybrid human-alien offspring. Vallée quotes the 19th-century folklorist Edwin Hartland’s suggestion that such a programme of hybridisation was a primary reason for faerie abductions:

‘The motive assigned to fairies in northern stories is that of preserving and improving their race, on the one had by carrying off human children to be brought up among the elves and to become united with them, and on the other hand by obtaining the milk and fostering care of human mothers for their own offspring.’xxii

In 2005, Graham Hancock followed Vallée’s lead and took the comparison of faerie and alien abduction much further in his book Supernatural (after dealing with the elements of prehistoric shamanic cave-painting depictions of entities, discussed above). He compiled a range of faerie abduction reports from various time periods and geographical locations and set them against modern-day alien abduction events. He pays special attention to the faerie abduction of young women, such as Mrs Sheridan, an Irish woman, who seems to have spent much of the last decade of the 19th century being whisked off by the fairies for wet-nursing duties:

‘Where they brought me I don’t know, or how I got there, but I’d be in a very big house, and it was round, the walls far away that you’d hardly see them, and a great many faeries all about… but they wouldn’t speak to me nor I to them.’xxiii

These ‘long-faced’ faeries had a definite purpose for kidnapping her and weren’t too concerned with her tearful appeals to release her – she had a job to do, and that was feeding their faerie babies. The correlation between these types of folkloric encounters and the alien abductions of women is striking. Hancock surveys the work of the late Harvard psychiatrist John Mack and the cultural historian David Jacobs, who have made extensive studies of people who claim to have been abducted by aliens, often using hypnotic techniques to extract memories from amnesic events.xxiv It’s a minefield subject (mostly due to the vagaries of extracting memories from hypnosis), but John Mack in particular is a convincing advocate of the notion that whatever the experiences represent, they are genuinely real to the participant. A typical scenario might involve the abductee being floated or beamed aboard a UFO, and then taken to a part of the ship where there seem to be drawers or tanks of hybrid alien-human babies, which they are sometimes expected to nurse. There is a consistency to these experiences that provides a dataset of testimony that Mack insists must be taken seriously as a phenomenon. For the abductees, the experience is often highly traumatic (Mack states that the best psychiatric diagnosis for many abductees is post-traumatic stress disorder), and no wonder, when they are confronted with alien hybrids often described as more like foetuses than babies. One abductee described to Mack their appearance, which is fairly typical:

‘Their bodies were short for their heads. Their heads seemed oversized. They had very blue eyes. They had very thin, wispy hair… I would say they were probably three and a half feet tall, but they all looked the same age. ‘You’re our mother and we need you,’ they said.’xxv

The evidence presented by Jacques Vallée and Graham Hancock makes a convincing argument for the tight relation between faerie behaviour in folklore and alien abductions in the 20th/21st century. The experiences are culturally coded to time and place, but the correlations and similarities are intriguing, and suggest the possibility of a common source for the phenomena. But what is that source and where is the metaphysical intersect?

‘Walking on the Edge of Your Mind’ © Ylenia Viola, used with permission.

Ontological Faeries

This brings us back to the ontology of faerie experiences; what are these entities that have been a part of humanity for thousands of years, and where do they come from? They may be adapting to cultural codes, even evolving into new forms, but at what level of reality do they exist? An answer may be to utilise David Luke’s three-part interpretation for non-physical entity contact.xxvi He used it to assess a study into the otherworldly beings (many of which had faerie-attributes) encountered by people who had altered their states of consciousness with DMT, but it is also a valid tool to evaluate what may be happening to anyone who reports a numinous experience that includes interaction with non-human intelligent entities such as the faeries:

1.They are hallucinations. The entities are subjective hallucinations. Such a position is favoured by those taking a purely (materialist-reductionist) neuropsychological approach to the phenomena.

2. They are psychological/ transpersonal manifestations. The communicating entities appear alien but are actually unfamiliar aspects of ourselves, be they our reptilian brain or our cells, molecules or sub-atomic particles.

3. The entities exist in otherworlds and can interact with our physical reality. A numinous experience provides access to a true alternate dimension inhabited by independently existing intelligent entities in a stand-alone reality, which exists co-laterally with ours, and may interact with our world when certain conditions are met. The identity of the entities remains speculative.

Of course, all three interpretations may be true at different times and under various circumstances. From a materialist-reductionist standpoint, all faerie experiences could be reduced to hallucinatory events. There is no physical residue as an after-effect of the interactions, and the reports are all limited to visual and audio experiences. While the specific adjuncts allowing for the hallucinations to take place cannot be properly analysed, seeing them all as aberrations of visual and audial fields remains one legitimate interpretation.

This explanatory model is reliant on the theory that consciousness is an epiphenomenon of the brain. The implication is that the brain, for whatever reason, is simply misconstruing sensory input from a physical world where things like faeries simply do not exist. This is the hard and fast materialist-reductionist standpoint, which is deeply embedded in Western culture. But, as discussed above, it is a standpoint that is now challenged at a fundamental level not only by religious and mystical traditions, but also by the recently reinvented philosophy of Kantian Idealism and by a growing number of quantum physicists, who (using a wide range of methodologies) suggest that the brain is a reducer of consciousness, not a creator of it.xxvii This model sees consciousness (not matter) as primary; it is everywhere and it is everything, and individual human (and animal) brains are merely conveying it within the remit of what then becomes physical reality. For the most part, this physical reality has a closely defined rule-set, but under certain conditions the usual laws break down and supra-normal events can occur. These supernatural occurrences are thus as legitimate as any natural occurrence.

This helps us to perhaps understand preternatural faerie experiences as something non-material being allowed to ‘pop in’ to physical reality from either a greater, transcendent form of consciousness, or from an alternative reality to which humans do not usually have access. This would fit with either of David Luke’s second and third interpretations for supernatural entity contact. Simply put, a numinous zone has been entered and the participant is able to make contact with what usually resides external to their ordinary consciousness.

Experiences in numinous zones could be extended to a variety of preternatural encounters, from ghost apparitions through to Near Death Experiences and UFO abduction scenarios, but it would seem that the faeries, as an ontological taxonomic, remain a consistent, even persistent, form of entity that interact with our consensus reality. While reports of the faeries from history have often been turned into allegorical folkloric stories (frequently with a moral lesson inserted into the plot line), modern encounters usually take the form of simple anecdotal testimony. But the phenomenological types of faeries retain an adherence to their folkloric roots. They can receive an updated appearance, and cultural coding, but they remain recognisable as faeries. Graham Hancock has summed up what may be happening if we allow the faeries some type of metaphysical reality:

‘If we are prepared to set aside the automatic scepticism and reductionism of our age, and if we spell out the problem in plain language, then we find that we are contemplating the existence — and powerful intervention in our lives — of highly intelligent discarnate entities belonging to an order of creation fundamentally different than our own… it really is almost as though the beings we are dealing with have been changing and developing alongside us for thousands of years, and that they therefore cannot simply be mass delusions, but must have a definite, independent reality outside the human brain.’xxviii

Whatever their true nature, it seems that for the faeries to make contact with humanity they require our consciousness to become loosened from the usual restraints, and to enter an altered state — a numinous zone. If the model of reality affirmed by Idealism is correct, then this zone may be allowing us to access a greater Over-Mind, where exist entities that represent either a stand-alone autonomous class of their own, or perhaps aspects of the human collective unconsciousness (as explicated by Carl Jung), which is usually filtered out through the reducing valve of the brain.xxix Either way, it appears that the faeries are here to stay, functioning in some nebulous region where any interpretation of them is reliant on us finding a way to incorporate consciousness into physical reality. This is something that has eluded both philosophers and scientists for millennia, and so perhaps it is no surprise that faerie entities – whether nature spirits, inter-dimensional beings, aliens, or products of our collective imagination – for the moment, remain an intangible, but enduring, part of our cultural zeitgeist.

References

i Young, S. (2017). ‘The Fairy Investigation Society Census 2014-17 and 2017-23′. https://www.fairyist.com/survey/read-the-fairy-census-1-and-2/

ii See especially the work of the computer scientist and philosopher Bernardo Kastrup. His work with quantum physicists is summarised in: Kastrup, B, Stapp, HP and Kafatos, MC. (2018). ‘Coming to Grips with the Implications of Quantum Mechanics’, Scientific American.  https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/coming-to-grips-with-the-implications-of-quantum-mechanics/

iii Clottes, J. et al. (2016). What Is Palaeolithic Art?: Cave Paintings and the Dawn of Human Creativity. University of Chicago Press.

iv Lewis-Williams, D and Dowson, T. (1988). ’The Signs of All Times: Entoptic Phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic Art’, Current Anthropology 29, 201-45.  http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.ch.document.sip200035_final.pdf; Lewis-Williams, D. (2002). The Mind in the Cave. Thames & Hudson, London

v Hancock, G. (2005). Supernatural: Meetings with the Ancient Teachers of Mankind. Century, London

vi Ginzburg, C. (2004). Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches’ Sabbath. University of Chicago Press; Wilby, E. (2005). Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic Visionary Traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic. Sussex Academic Press.

vii Evans-Wentz, W.Y. (2004, first published 1911). The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries. New Page Books, Franklin Lakes, NJ. A version is available online at: https://sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/ffcc/; See also, Rushton, N. (2016). ‘Evan-Wentz’s Celtic Faeries’.   https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2016/11/27/evans-wentzs-celtic-faeries/

viii Evans-Wentz. Op. cit., p. 87

ix Lavole, J.D. (2012). The Theosophical Society: The History of a Spiritualist Movement. Brown Walker Press, Irvine, CA.

x Steiner, R. (1995) Nature Spirits, Rudolf Steiner Press, Forest Row, pp. 177-78. The quote is from Steiner’s 1913 lecture ‘Perception of the Elemental World.’

xi Rushton, N. (2019). ‘Paracelsus, Nature Spirits and Faeries’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2019/11/17/paracelsus-nature-spirits-and-faeries/

xii Sheldrake, R. (2012, 4th ed.). The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Memory of Nature, Park Street Press, Rochester, VT.

xiii Shanon, B. (2002). The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomenology of the Ayahuasca Experience, Oxford University Press.

xiv Ask Erowid (2013) https://www.erowid.org/ask/ask.php?ID=3146

xv Strassman, R. (2001). DMT: The Spirit Molecule. Park Street Press, Rochester, VT.

xvi Davis, AK, et al. (2020). ‘Survey of Entity Encounter Experiences Occasioned by Inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Phenomenology, Interpretation, and Enduring Effects’.  https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269881120916143 . See also: Rushton, N. (2020). ‘Faerie Entities and DMT’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2020/07/05/faerie-entities-and-dmt/

xvii Rushton, N. (2017). ‘The Faerie Abduction of Anne Jefferies’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2017/09/23/the-faerie-abduction-of-anne-jefferies/

xviii LaPlante, E. (1993). Seized: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy as a Medical, Historical, and Artistic Phenomenon, Harper Collins, London.

xix Vallée, J. (1993), first published 1969). Passport to Magonia: On UFOs, Folklore, and Parallel Worlds, Contemporary Books, Chicago.

xx Vallée, Op cit., p. 57.

xxi Rushton, N. (2016). ‘The Secret Commonwealth’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2016/07/31/the-secret-commonwealth/

xxii Vallée, Op cit., p. 105.

xxiii Hancock, Op cit., p. 375.

xxiv Mack, J. (2000). Passport to the Cosmos: Human Transformation and Alien Encounters, Harper Collins, London.

xxv Mack, Op cit., p. 117.

xxvi Luke, D. (2011). ‘Discarnate Entities and Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): Psychopharmacology, Phenomenology and Ontology’, Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 75, 26-42. https://dmttimes.com/david-luke-papers-and-articles/2020/1/2/discarnate-entities-and-dimethyltryptamine-dmt-psychopharmacology-phenomenology-and-ontology

xxvii See especially: Kastrup, B. (2019). The Idea of the World: A Multi-Disciplinary Argument for the Mental Nature of Reality, iff Books, Winchester.

xxviii Hancock, Op cit., pp. 398-99 & 412.

xxix Jung, C.G. (1991). The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, Routledge, London.

Bibliography

Briggs, K. (1978) An Encyclopedia of Fairies. Pantheon, London

Clottes, J. et al. (2016). What Is Palaeolithic Art?: Cave Paintings and the Dawn of Human Creativity. University of Chicago Press.

Cutchin, J. (2018). Thieves in the Night: A Brief History of Supernatural Child Abductions. Anomalist Books, Charlottesville, VA

 Davis, A.K, et al. (2020). ‘Survey of Entity Encounter Experiences Occasioned by Inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Phenomenology, Interpretation, and E nduring Effects’.  https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269881120916143

Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2020). ‘Our Wild Kosmos: An Exo Studies Exploration of the Ontological Status of Non-Human Intelligences’.  https://whatsupwithufos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Exo_Studies.pdf

Evans-Wentz, W.Y. (2004, first published 1911). The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries. New Page Books, Franklin Lakes, NJ. A version is available online at: https://sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/ffcc/

 Ginzburg, C. (2004). Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches’ Sabbath. University of Chicago Press

 Hancock, G. (2005). Supernatural: Meetings with the Ancient Teachers of Mankind. Century, London

 Harpur, P. (2003). Daimonic Reality: A Field Guide to the Otherworld. Pine Winds Press, Enumclaw, WA

Hunt, R. (2013; first published 1865). Popular Romances of the West of England. Hardpress Publishing, Fairford

 Kastrup, B. (2019). The Idea of the World: A Multi-Disciplinary Argument for the Mental Nature of Reality, iff Books, Winchester

 Kastrup, B, Stapp, HP and Kafatos, MC. (2018). ‘Coming to Grips with the Implications of Quantum Mechanics’, Scientific American. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/coming-to-grips-with-the-implications-of-quantum-mechanics/

 Jung, C.G. (1991). The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious, Routledge, London.

 LaPlante, E. (1993). Seized: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy as a Medical, Historical, and Artistic Phenomenon, Harper Collins, London

 Lavole, J.D. (2012). The Theosophical Society: The History of a Spiritualist Movement. Brown Walker Press, Irvine, CA

 Lewis-Williams, D. (2002). The Mind in the Cave. Thames & Hudson, London

 Lewis-Williams, D and Dowson, T. (1988). ’The Signs of All Times: Entoptic Phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic Art’, Current Anthropology 29, 201-45.  http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.ch.document.sip200035_final.pdf

 Luke, D. (2011). ‘Discarnate Entities and Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): Psychopharmacology, Phenomenology and Ontology’, Journal of the  Society for Psychical Research, 75, 26-42. https://dmttimes.com/david-luke-papers-and-articles/2020/1/2/discarnate-entities-and-dimethyltryptamine-dmt-psychopharmacology-phenomenology-and-ontology

 Luke, D. (2017). Otherworlds: Psychedelics and Exceptional Human Experience. Muswell Hill Press, London

 Luke, D. and Spowers, R. (eds). (2018). DMT Dialogues: Encounters with the Spirit Molecule. Park Street Press, Rochester, VT

 Mack, J. (2000). Passport to the Cosmos: Human Transformation and Alien Encounters, Harper Collins, London

 Peake, A. (2019). The Hidden Universe: An Investigation into Non-Human Intelligences. Watkins, London

 Rushton, N. (2016). ‘Evan-Wentz’s Celtic Faeries’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2016/11/27/evans-wentzs-celtic-faeries/

 Rushton, N. (2016). ‘The Secret Commonwealth’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2016/07/31/the-secret-commonwealth/

 Rushton, N. (2017). ‘The Faerie Abduction of Anne Jefferies’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2017/09/23/the-faerie-abduction-of-anne-jefferies/

 Rushton, N. (2019). ‘Paracelsus, Nature Spirits and Faeries’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2019/11/17/paracelsus-nature-spirits-and-faeries/

 Rushton, N. (2020). ‘Faerie Entities and DMT’.  https://dead-but-dreaming.com/2020/07/05/faerie-entities-and-dmt/

 Shanon, B. (2002). The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomenology of the Ayahuasca Experience, Oxford University Press

 Sheldrake, R. (2012, 4th ed.). The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Memory of Nature, Park Street Press, Rochester, VT

 Steiner, R. (1995) Nature Spirits, Rudolf Steiner Press, Forest Row

 Strassman, R. (2001). DMT: The Spirit Molecule. Park Street Press, Rochester, VT

 Vallée, J. (1993), first published 1969). Passport to Magonia: On UFOs, Folklore, and Parallel Worlds, Contemporary Books, Chicago

 Wilby, E. (2005). Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic Visionary Traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic. Sussex Academic Press.

 Young, S. (2017 and 2023). ‘The Fairy Investigation Society Census 2014-17 and 2017-23’. https://www.fairyist.com/survey/read-the-fairy-census-1-and-2/

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The cover image is ‘The Faerie Banquet’ by John Anster Fitzgerald, 1859 (PD0).

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Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now…

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And There Will Your Heart Be Also

‘For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.’ Luke 12:34

The bluebells were over, now drowned in green grass seas,
And the stream that through the woodland wound
Spoke to me of where it came, but knew not its final ease,
Nor knew it when or where would be my resting ground.
In aerated whispers it lulled me to its source,
A spring far away and residing in arboreal gloam,
I listened to its voice, and barefoot followed its course,
And distanced myself from what was known as home.

No ancient structure marked the spring as a holy place,
No coloured bands of linen hung from the trees above;
Of human hand there was neither vestige nor trace,
Subsumed in nature’s undisclosed purity it was thereof.
But some form of being resided there unseen,
Void of substance, its presence the words of water;
Old, as of the land, was this veiled Undine,
Who beckoned me to enter, with ne’er fear nor falter.

Damp was the hollow, runnels of speech echoed there,
Telling me things I did not know, and of things forgotten,
Of tales remembered and told, hanging dank in the air,
Of places dreamt but never known, always unbegotten.
And then a change came o’er the spirit of the scene;
In aqueous tones my Undine bade me close my eyes,
And see with mind alone, as if this place were but a dream,
To trade my sight for insight, and reside beneath other skies.

Darkness turned to light and with a colour never seen,
And a touch ne’er felt, my feet seemed to fall upon new ground,
Where a meadow showed itself when it should not have been,
So that I mused upon what unknown Elysium I had found.
Dulcet sounds that no human ear had heard filled the air,
Scents that defied an order, charged the filtered breeze,
And a taste reached my lips, rich, unworldly and rare;
I took myself, I know not how, down into the faerie trees.

And there I saw, but not with my eyes, a golden sylph,
Amidst the trees, which grew as if rooted in the air,
Above an undergrowth of silken thicket of no tilth,
And in her silent voice she enjoined me to prepare.
Then she showed me an Eden, before me spread;
It was a new Heaven and a new Earth. And then she said:
‘Stay here, stay here in Paradise, where you are free,
Stay, you’re here to stay, stay here with me.’

But to see her clear I opened my eyes, and she passed away,
The new world was replaced by old and in the stream I laid,
Gasping for breath, and somehow I knew this was a future day,
Time had quickened whilst I was away, and I became a shade.
I slipped below the water, but as I did, I saw a light,
The same as in that Otherworld, luminous and bright;
Conception and rebirth were mine within a womb,
Just as the first bluebells were beginning to bloom.

***

The cover image is original artwork by Victoria Darcy.

***

Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now.

The Faerie Mural

I’m sorry that you died and that I did not,
You have your yesterdays, but only I have tomorrows.
And you will never know what I found,
In the house where love drew us down.
Old stone walls and frigid flagstone floors,
The rugs you laid, they’re all still here,
As is a part of you, the part of you that lives
In the haze of memory; the ghost of you in me.
So, shall I tell you what I found,
Beneath the deadening grey plaster walls?
We never coloured them, only endured them,
But there was always a secret there,
A secret you will never know of where you are,
So let me whisper it to you now across the breach.
The rupture can only be bridged in dreams;
Dreams where you still abide it seems.

You always loved the blossom on the cherry tree,
Herald of Spring, courier of new life.
But this year it blossomed without your touch;
Do you remember your hands upon the bark,
Summoning what lived within, with your cornflower eyes?
Its flowering now seems dulled, morose,
As if it grieves its human confidant, and what you sensed within
Has withdrawn, shuns the light, and resides alone.
But one singular April dawn, I sat beneath it,
Unstaunched tears hazing my view; despondent, lost.
When — as the mourning sun touched its boughs —
What lives in its confines spoke to me,
A voice that sounded like yours; lineaments of you,
But tempered and formed by something new.
This is what it told me, void of emotion,
Beyond and transcendent, the words unbroken.

‘Go dream tonight, go dream of her,
Dream hard and fast to the echoless shore,
Where, all knowing in the seventh heaven,
She will hear your tears and see your words.
And when you return from that formless realm,
That place where you are clothed in your real self,
Come once more to us at dawn of day,
And take the clue that comes your way.’
I went that night and dreamt as instructed,
A serene reverie where you and I were one,
And held each other under a cherry tree
That was and was not the one of reality,
Formed almost into a dulcimer melody,
Where sound, sight and touch were of a piece.
Next day I rose with the sun and went
To find the promised clue that was to be sent.

I touched the bark, but now there was no voice,
Just a listless lull; a mitigated silence of choice.
Cast down I sank to the roots, which overground resided,
Whereupon my hand grazed a nestled stone,
Cold to touch, but flat and chalky, I took it in my palm,
And found it was a piece of plaster, deadened grey.
At once I knew that fragment was from our wall,
And first thought in my mind was that you had heard the call,
That you had escaped the dream and put it there,
A sign for me to act upon, deposited with care.
Heart flickering, head swimming, I took myself into the house
To scan the walls, to find and choose the hollow
Amidst the pallid extent, that matched my fragment,
A puzzle piece awaiting your empyrean attachment.
And there it was, before unseen, a fracture in the hall;
Sure what I was to do, I found a cross-blade and rent the wall.

Dead grey gave way to living blue; an azure luminance,
On a hidden plaster, till now obscured from view.
And then amidst the cobalt mural some figures did appear;
A ring of dancing faeries, vibrant, animated, and clear,
As they circled round, swaying and swirling with abandon,
As if their liberation into light, made them live before my eyes.
I continued my work apace, and as the plaster crumbled away,
Light from without met light from within, where blue held sway,
And thus, inch by inch, She showed herself and was revealed;
The Faerie Queen, surveying all, with oceanic eyes.
With hair like wind captured in the branches of trees,
And on her peerless head a diadem of golden leaves,
She smiled elusive, and seemed to look inside my mind;
Penetrating all that love and death had wrought.
And she was you, and you were her, amidst a golden numinous glow;
Then voices from the deep abyss revealed a marvel and a secret. Be it so.

***

Victoria Darcy worked with me to produce the wonderful cover image for the poem.

***

Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now…

‘Fairy Encounters of the Third Kind’ by Dr Simon Young

This is a recent post by Dr Simon Young on his excellent Simon’s British Mythology Substack. He is currently compiling the posts on this site in to a book project, which will be something to look out for. ‘Fairy Encounters of the Third Kind’, is a concise assessment of the connection between faeries and aliens, which attempts to introduce a three-point system of faerie encounters based on that traditionally used in UFOlogy. Thanks to Simon for allowing the piece to be republished on deadbutdreaming.

*

I have spent a good deal of time in the last decade, trying to understand mutating human-fairy relations in our historical sources. It is, after all, extraordinary how fairies have changed in human eyes. In Anglo-Saxon England they were lithe daemones of human dimensions who were likely to kill you: in modern times, they are SWFs (small winged fairies) that hover over rosebushes like butterflies.

How can we best measure that change? It would be comical to try and be empirical with the supernatural: ‘Chase myths like moths, and fight them with a pin.’ But, if you promise not to laugh, reader, I have a confession. For a number of years I have tinkered with a fairy scale, that ranges from 1-3.1 This is a shameless borrowing from UFOlogy. J. Allen Hynek laid out his famous three point system in The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry in 1972.2 Those interested in UFO-lore will remember:

First kind (CE1): close visual sighting of a ‘craft’.
Second kind (CE2): physical effects or traces. For instance, the car’s engine cuts out when the ‘craft’ passes over; there are burn marks on the ground where the ‘craft’ landed.
Third kind (CE3): an actual entity is present. The ‘craft’ drops into my garden and then the little folk start to stream out and I see them/talk to them etc.

Hynek’s system broke down because in the mid late 1970s the energy in UFO experiences shifted to CE3. From then on any classification really needed to look at different forms of interaction with ‘entities’. And this brings us to fairies…

Close Encounters in Fairy Lore

For fairies we require a division based on the level of interaction:

FCE1: There is a sensorial encounter. People see, hear or (in one memorable case from Yorkshire) smell fairies, but there is no interaction.
FCE2: There is light interaction between fairies and humans with no long-lasting effects: fairies, for example, plait your horse’s mane; or perhaps they pixy-lead you in the marshes.
FCE3: There is strong interaction, with serious consequences. This might include marrying a fairy (and/or having kids); using a fairy as a familiar to get magic powers; or fairies killing or changing human neighbours who annoyed or intrigued them.

In the nineteenth century there was a strong regional basis to these three. Let’s limit ourselves to what was then the United Kingdom. In areas with weak fairy traditions, for example, south-eastern England, only FCE1 experiences were reported; and there were not many of them. In areas with intermediate fairy traditions, like, say, Devon in the 1800s, FCE1 and FCE2 featured. Then, in areas with strong fairy traditions all three levels appeared. In County Cork or County Galway or, perhaps best of all, County Tipperary in Ireland nineteenth-century men and women were stolen by the fairies, killed by the fairies, and family members were changed by the fairies.

Today’s Close Encounters of the Fairy Kind

And today? The intensity of encounters has generally gone off the boil. Fairy Census 1 and Fairy Census 2, collections of modern fairy experiences, are overwhelmingly centred on FCE 1 and FCE 2 experiences. But there are some people who claim to have or to have had FCE3-style relationships with fairies, including sexual relationships.3 These speak, I think, more to the psychological proclivities or gifts of these people rather than local traditions. There are, as is the case with UFO-lore, no local traditions to speak of in contemporary fairylore: and only weak national traditions.

Here we return to daemones vs SWFs. Perhaps we need to acknowledge that these modern experiences are not meaningfully ‘fairies’. At least they are not fairies in the way that these were understood in British or Irish rural communities two hundred years ago. Are modern fairy sightings significant events for those who see them? Yes, they often change lives. Are they worth studying? Yes, they are absolutely fascinating. Do they have anything to do with the social, virile and often scary fairies of, say, nineteenth-century Tipperary? Not much. In fact, and this bit you have to say really quietly, aliens are, by that definition, far closer to traditional fairies than the butterfly SWFs glimpsed in the gloaming.

Notes

  1. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.
  2. I wrote about this in my column in Fortean Times in 2016. I then went further in a chapter on Canadian fairies: Simon Young, ‘Atlantic Canada: Fairy Bread and Fairy Squalls’, Magical Folk: British and Irish Fairies at Home and Overseas, Simon Young and Dr. Ceri Houlbrook (London: Gibson Square, 2017), 210-222 at 220-222. No one cared…
  3. E.g. §594, §677, §771, §783 in the Fairy Census.

Simon runs a monthly supernatural-themed podcast, Boggart and Banshee, with Chris Woodyard: the first episode of 2026 has just gone out and may be of interest.

***

Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now…

    Lineaments

    She was like me in lineaments — her eyes
    Her hair, her features, all, to the very tone
    Even of her voice, they said were like to mine;
    But soften’d all, and temper’d into beauty;
    She had the same lone thoughts and wanderings,
    The quest of hidden knowledge, and a mind
    To comprehend the universe: nor these
    Alone, but with them gentler powers than mine,
    Pity, and smiles, and tears — which I had not;
    And tenderness — but that I had for her;
    Humility — and that I never had.
    Her faults were mine — her virtues were her own —
    I loved her, and destroy’d her!

    Lord Byron, Manfred, Act II, Scene II.

    ***

    It is the hardest thing to watch your child die. The doctor had instructed me to ensure that in her final days she was able to look out upon God’s bounty (the doctor, despite the usual leanings of his profession, was first and foremost a Baptist), and so I had set up a bed in the upstairs study with the large sash window, where Medora could look out across fields and hills to the distant canopy of the orchard. The orchard. I wish I had never known of its existence; or that it had always remained as nothing but a distant, detached arboreal view. I would always sit with my back to the window when abiding with Medora. I could not bear the sight of it — its loathsome September opulence infecting the air, and coaxing disaster from my memory. 

    In the final days Medora began coughing up more blood. I did not want to wash the handkerchiefs — they were to be saved so that I would have a part of her when she was gone. Instead, I ripped up some of my linen shirts for the purpose. Each tear felt like the cleaving of a life-force; existence coming apart at the seams. But for her I always smiled and hid my tears. And mostly she slept, sedated by the doctor’s potions, which allowed me to leave her for periods and cry my tears and rue what I had done; the destruction I had brought upon her, and upon another.

    One gloom-filled dusk, close to the end, I returned from the well, brought a pitcher to her bedside, and found her more lucid than she had been for days. She even had the equanimity to hide one of the bloodied linen cloths beneath the pillows. I sat with her and listened to her babble for a while, stroking her hair and attempting to be present. After a lull she settled down, eased herself back in to the pillow and brought her blue-eyed gaze to mine.

    ‘Tell me about mama,’ she said, her voice suddenly older, manoeuvring the air between us.

    ‘Mama?’

    ‘You never talk of her. Why was she called Astarte?’

    ‘This might not be the time my sweet,’ I said, trying to suppress the shake in my voice.

    ‘Please papa… pleeease.’

    I kissed her forehead and pulled the blanket up to her chin. Soon her eyelids flickered close and her breathing began to sink in to the rhythm of sleep. 

    ‘Please papa,’ she murmured, as her head lolled.

    I got up gently, lit a candle, placed it in the holder and put it on the table next to the bed. The room transformed from dusk grey to softened arylide yellow. I sat back on the bed and assured myself she was asleep. Why should she not know? The words would live only in her dream world, but I needed to tell myself what had happened, what I had done, and what had been wrought. I had occulted it, but now it needed to be revealed. Be it so.

    *

    I found the orchard one midsummer day as the Earth turned and became a darker green. And yet I always remember the arboreal presence as cornflower blue — a cyan haze in the sweetened air transformed the grove in to a sacred space, its colour marking it out as separate from its surroundings. It was strange that I had not discovered the orchard before. I thought I knew the land hereabouts; its folds and combes were the setting of my youth, and it should have been visible from the much-travelled track to my house. From there, it could be discerned, but only as a distant tenebrous blur, partly obscured by treeless hills. Perhaps an enchantment kept me from its confines until the fatal days came, or maybe it was never really there, at least not as it should have been.

    I always felt the presence of something in the orchard; some mind, or minds, inhabiting the trees and watching me. It attracted and repelled me in equal measures, but I never saw anything apart from fleeting movements amidst the gnarled branches and shadows slithering up and down the twisted trunks. The summer heat usually made me feel the pull of sleep as I sat beneath the cover of the largest tree in the orchard, but I never succumbed to it completely, and would manage to haul myself from slumber for fear of being left vulnerable. Vulnerable to what I knew not, but the undisclosed existence in that space became more tangible and minacious when drowsiness brought on its unreal vistas and sounds, so I always managed to remain awake and aware within its bounds.

    And then, one day, she found me there. The lineaments of our blood drew her to me I suppose. I watched her glide through the grass, hitching up her long chiffon dress and being sure to touch each tree she passed. She never wore a bonnet, and this day her hair had been let down, so that it shimmered gold in the dappled sunlight. I made a token effort to conceal myself in the longer grass under my tree, but I wanted her to find me, and she did. She sat down beside me as if in a huff, just as she had always done, and began to talk away as if both of us being in that strange and formerly unknown refuge was the most natural thing in the world. But it was not natural — there had been a passing of something, and we were changed by the place. It had cast its spell.

    As the days passed we became closer. We began to talk about things we had never talked about before. Like me, she had the quest of hidden knowledge, and in that place we speculated on universal unknowns and ghosts of ages past. My lone thoughts became spoken words for the first time; her ruminations found a willing host, where none had previously been. I spoke of lights in the sky and angels, she told of the fair folk hidden in mysterious otherworlds. Our secret chatter made its mark there — the orchard heard us and soaked up our confidences in to its occult memory. And closer still we became. But she recognised the limits more than I. Her love was different than mine. Her tenderness was refined by our blood, mine was explicit. 

    One day she did not come, and I became irritable and despondent at her absence under the tree. My thoughts seemed purposeless and they drifted, without her to unlock their code. It was the hottest day of summer and I began to succumb to a sultry daze. The undisclosed presence of the orchard bristled over me, but I could not stave it off with wakefulness, and within minutes I slept, allowing my subdued mind to be opened up to the company of another. 

    *

    I had a dream, which was not all a dream. The tree became animate, not of its own accord but from that which lived within it. Skulking from out of the bark, whilst retaining its gnarly aspect, came a creature who lured me in to a slithering embrace, filling my mind with his memories and scenting the air with the moss of years. His was an existence dictated by the seasons and his responsibility for fertility, and midsummer was his enchanted time. This allowed him to offer me what I wanted more than anything. I wanted her, despite the proscription. He held on to me in his lascivious way and took me somewhere with stars in the sky and bathed in the smell of fermentation. I was made promises, but the result of those promises would have a price to pay. He instilled in me a sense of dread but the transaction was made. I accepted it thinking the pact might mean a quietus for me, but for her I was willing to take the Apple-Tree Man’s nebulous offer. Then a change came over the spirit of my dream, and voices from the deep abyss revealed a marvel and a secret — be it so.

    *

    The secret end of the dream was only dimly remembered, but the contract with my strange being was instilled within me and I was fated to use it to parlay what was implicate into something real. Despite the lingering disquiet about my reverie I knew it was in some way a true vision, and the dread of the vanished shadow became dispelled in the face of me gaining her… gaining her completely.

    The next day she came again. I held her and she shied away. But then she saw the single apple hanging at head height from the tree. Absinthe green it was — unnatural in both its midsummer ripeness and its colour, but alluring beyond measure. We glanced at each other, I plucked it from the tree, and we both ate it in turns. Then a summer storm glistened over the orchard and we fell together, and remained together in our recondite love.

    *

    ‘She died when you came in to the world my sweet,’ I whispered. But Medora was gone — her mind resided elsewhere. However, for a few glimmering moments her essence accompanied my trembling body to the window, where we stared out towards the orchard in the last remnants of twilight. The bare landscape stretched away. The orchard was gone, and so were they. I had loved them and destroyed them.

    ***

    The cover image is ‘Wandering Stars’ by Victoria Darcy.

    *

    Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now…

    ***

    Arboreal

    My new short story about a tree, the nature spirits who inhabit it and death.

    Arboreal

    Before I died I spent most of my days with the oak tree. It was in a park by a river, which I could walk to most days when my illness allowed. Obviously, the seasons modulated the experience. In winter I huddled at the trunk until freezing rain drove me away, in spring I still huddled but warmed myself at the sight of crocuses and bluebells emerging beneath the boughs and leafing branches, in summer I luxuriated in the dappled heat while pretending to read a book, and in autumn… in autumn my mind always turned towards death amidst the mouldering leaves.

    After a couple of years I’d got to know the tree. It was old and seemed to tell me things I couldn’t know. It whispered them through its bark, infiltrating me as I sat with my back to the trunk. I began to talk to it and to see the shapes of its being in the gnarled trunk — faces and bodies; humanoid in quality, but arboreal in nature. Pareidolia I supposed, but they changed with the shifting light and sometimes when I stood up too quickly they would morph before my eyes until the head-rush subsided. It was a kind tree, of that I was sure. It stood removed from its compatriots and its apparent loneliness touched me. I was lonely, and ill, whereas its solitary disposition seemed to give it strength and vitality. I would always sense it attempting to pass this on to me, and when I left after spending time with it I would be stronger and less afraid of what was coming. I began to love the oak tree, as I had never loved anyone or anything before. I told it so, and it returned the love in a deep patterned resonance that I have only truly understood since my passing.

    One warm late-August day, I put on a summer dress and took my walk to the park. Some boys on bikes stopped to mock me — my heavy limp and awkward gait were always exaggerated when I wore a dress — and I reached the park agitated and shaking. My tree comforted me but I was disorientated and teary. I asked the tree to help me, to take me away from all brutality and wretchedness, to show me something meaningful and beautiful. It answered with a lulling as the heat of the day melded me to the trunk and sleep came quickly and decisively, and a dream turned the past into the present. 

    I am facing the oak, hands aloft as if in a prayer to a god. And the oak is alive with a thousand beings pulsating through its trunk, running up and down it like a stream of vitality. They speak to me somehow, though the words are more like a breath in the wind:

    ‘We are here. You are in a dream that is not all a dream.’

    I move to the trunk and hug it. They swarm over me and and change my ideas; they go through and through me, like wine through water, and alter the colour of my mind.

    ‘Who are you?’

    ‘We are this tree. We are its life. We care for it and it cares for us. We have watched you and waited. Now you are with us. You are important to us. We have come to love you. We feed from your own love. Others do not love us as you do. We will suffer when you leave us. But this is as it should be. We must suffer to free our pain.’

    ‘How? Why?’

    But there is no answer. I feel myself meld into the trunk and hold my arms out to mimic the branches of the tree, as lifeforms immeasurably different to me probe my memories and bring them to the fore. The pain, regret, joy, grief, dullness, hope, betrayal, realisation… all manifested in a singular moment. I am overwhelmed and fall to the ground. One of the beings comes to me and sidles up. His mossy hand touches my face and wipes away the tears. And voices from the deep abyss reveal a marvel and a secret. Be it so.

    I awoke and the present became the past. I walked home and ruminated for days on the dream. My tree was alive, in ways I had never imagined, and had spoken to me via its intermediaries through my dream consciousness. The arboreals had tried to talk to me but I was not able to understand the cosmic import of the message. However, I did know it was a message of death. A transcendence was imminent. I accepted this, even though at the time it scared me to the core. 

    The last time I visited the park was a grey November day, with drizzling rain marking the onset of another dismal winter. Since my dream I had often attempted to fall asleep at the tree to reproduce the numinous experience, but was always unable to do so. The arboreals were close to me though, making contact in subtle, subdued ways. They used bird song, wind, the rustle of the oak leaves and even the distant voices of humans to speak to me, and in the ever-changing contours of the gnarled bark I could see what they might be, as if they wanted to show themselves again but were unable. On that final November day I touched my face to the wet trunk and breathed in the benign mustiness. It was the tree’s smell and theirs. I began to cry. I watched the tears drop to the ground and dissolve into the ground with the rain, feeding the oak’s roots and leaving a part of me with the very essence of its being underground, where all its secrets were kept. I knew this was an ending. I took off my necklace with a small Apophyllite crystal that my mother had given me as a child and buried it in the soil at the base of the oak. Then I kissed the tree, turned and walked away, never once looking back. I still sobbed, and in an echo of stillness I heard the sobs returned to me from the tree as if in apology and in consolation.

    *

    The park-keeper had become aware of the girl a few years previous, watching from his lodge-house at the entrance to the park. She always sat with the old oak tree, in a secluded part of the park, but out of respect he had never disturbed her or talked to her once, not even to say hello. Before she came the tree was ailing, and he suspected it was near the end of its life. But after she came it rallied — the canopy freshened and its tired limbs seemed invigorated. He’d always held the oak in reverence and was delighted to witness its new spurt of life. He was a practical man, but he became sure that she had brought some magic to bear. 

    But she came no more since the previous November. He watched for her but she was gone. And from that time the tree, once again, began to fail. Its autumn leaves were riddled with fungi, the bark became cankerous and bled sap. Some boughs weakened and fell during the winter storms. When spring came it was evidently dead. Its gaunt boughs and leafless branches contrasted with the teeming greenery that had transformed the rest of the park. By summer it had been deemed a safety risk, and in November it was felled on the very day the park-keeper had last seen the girl the year before. He kept some of the wood and carved it into faerie-like characters, which he installed outside the lodge-house, to the delight of children visiting the park.

    On Christmas Eve the park-keeper walked down to the oak stump at dusk as he always had since it was felled. Glistening in the reflected light from the lodge-house lantern he found a crystal necklace on the stump. Something moved in the air beside him — a whispered breeze, a voice without words. It was a presence that was there but not there… dead but dreaming. Be it so.

    ***

    The cover image is ‘The Mighty Oak Tree’ by noshiahmad.

    ***

    Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now…

    The Otherworldly Bride Motif in British and Norse Folklore

    British and Norse folklore often features otherworldly females, such as Selkies, mermaids, and swan-maidens, who become brides of mortal men. These shape-shifting beings usually dwell in water, embodying a connection between the natural and supernatural. Their stories typically involve a man charming or tricking the female away from her aquatic home, leading to marriage and children. Yet, a broken taboo or mistreatment forces her to return to the sea, symbolizing deeper themes of desire, loss, and the complexities of human relationships.

    A version of this article appeared originally on the Ancient Origins website.

    A common motif in British and Norse folklore is that of an otherworldly female, who is somehow captured or charmed by a mortal man to be his bride. The females are often therianthropes, that is shape-shifters, who seem to be part human and part animal, but their main attribute is always as an entity from a metaphysical otherworld, interacting with consensus reality in order to bridge the gap between the natural and the supernatural. These therianthropic females take many forms, such as Selkies (humanoids masquerading as seals), mermaids, and swan-maidens, and can also appear as magical women without any animal attributes, such as the lake faeries, but they are always found in bodies of water, a configuration that proves important in any attempt to interpret these folkloric motifs. The standard scheme of the stories is that the female is lured from her watery existence by a male, either through a ruse or by charm. They are married and will usually have children together. But at some point a taboo is broken or the female is mistreated, and she deserts her husband to return to the water, which always seems to represent the portal between the physical world and a non-material reality. As always with folklore, any deeply embedded motif such as this is designed to impart some timeless wisdom; allegorical, philosophical and psychological. The stories were always meant to be a good fireside yarn, but more importantly they were plugging into fundamental aspects of the human condition, as well as recording belief-systems that were disappearing into the past. The origins of these stories are usually medieval (although possibly even older), and sometimes appear in chronicles. But most were transmitted through an oral tradition and were not recorded in detail by folklorists until the 18th and 19th centuries.

    Selkies

    The folklore of Selkies comes mostly from northern Scotland, especially the islands of Shetland and Orkney, as well as the Faroe Islands, although the theme is also found in Ireland, Scandinavia and Germany. The name is derived from Selch, the Scots for grey seal, a species that is commonly found around the coastlines of these northern European countries. The Selkie therianthrope can be male or female, but the majority of the folklore involves a female creature, such as the typical example from the Faroe Islands: The legend of Kópakonan (‘seal woman’).This tale tells of a fisherman (in some versions a farmer) from Mikladalur on the Faroese island of Kalsoy who, after taking the advice of an island elder, sets up a watch on the shoreline on the thirteenth day of the month to catch sight of the Selkies, who it was said could only beach on this day. Sure enough, he witnesses a group of the creatures come ashore and shed their seal-skins to reveal their female human forms. He steals one of the skins, and puts fright to the females, who all return to the sea in Selkie form. All except the one denuded of her skin. She’s distraught but agrees to follow the fisherman back to his home, where she proceeds to become his wife, and they have children together. But she pines for the sea, and one day manages to find the key to the room where her husband has kept her Selkie skin. She skins up, shape shifts and returns to the sea. As with most Selkie folklore, the story has a grim denouement, when the fisherman (despite being warned not to in a dream) kills the Selkie husband of his estranged wife as well as their two sons. Kópakonan takes revenge by cursing the people of Kalsoy: “some shall be drowned, some shall fall from cliffs and slopes, and this shall continue, until so many men have been lost that they will be able to link arms around the whole island of Kalsoy.” A statue of Kópakonan was erected in Mikladalur in 2014 (cover image), demonstrating the continuing importance of the folktale to the Faroese people.

    The entities known as mermaids (or merrows from Hiberno-English) seem to be closely related to the Selkie, and there are collections of stories from Scotland and Ireland including similar motifs contained in the Selkie tales, where the female mermaid is captured and made a wife, only to return to the sea when she is given the opportunity. However, mermaids more often than not retain their half-human half-fish form, and only a minority of the stories have them marrying mortals – they are more frequently portrayed in folktales as portents of disaster at sea, sometimes even provoking it. While there are a wide variety of mermaid folktale types from all parts of the world, their representation as  harbingers of catastrophe at sea is more in line with the Sirens from Greek mythology than with folkloric otherworldly brides.

    Swan Maidens

    Closely related to the folktales of Selkies are the widely distributed stories about swan maidens. In his 1891 book, The Science of Fairy Tales, the folklorist Edwin Sidney Hartland devoted two chapters to discussing the global tales involving this motif. He recounts a typical tale of this type (updated from its medieval genesis to include shotguns) from Raineach, Scotland, where a young farmer travels away from his claustrophobic upbringing to seek his wealth. He soon reaches an inn and:

    ‘He rose early next morning, and went to a lake in the neighbourhood to have a shot. When he was approaching the lake, he saw three white swans swimming on its calm surface. He crept towards them, and with some trouble got within proper range. But when he lifted his gun to his shoulder  and was going to take aim, they became the three most beautiful maidens he had ever seen.’

    After several more adventures stalking the swan maidens, he manages to steal the off-cast feathers of the youngest, and refuses to return them until she marries him. She agrees, and through her otherworldly magic, conjures up a castle for them to live in, constructed on an island within the lake. They live happily, and have children, but in time he grows homesick and is allowed to return home under the proviso that he does not mention his metaphysical existence or his swan maiden wife. But he breaks the taboo, brags about his otherworldly wife, and when he returns to find his magical castle home, there is nothing but the lake, without island, castle or swan maidens.

    Lake Faeries

    The folktales about lake faeries can again be found all over the globe, but there is a concentration of these types of stories in Wales, where there are over a dozen tales including many of the same motifs. Unlike the Selkies and swan maidens, the faeries are not therianthropic shape-shifters, but they are certainly otherworldly beings who are able to exist below the waters of the lakes as well as on land in the material reality of mortals. These folktales are replete with symbolism, which underlies the themes of a male human courting and marrying the (exclusively) female faerie and then losing her through the breaking of a taboo. The most detailed of these folktales is The Lady of Llyn y Fan Fach (Llyn is Welsh for lake), which though only recorded in the 19th century contains named personages that appear to date the origin of the story to the 12th century.

    In this tale a young farmer called Gwyn regularly frequents Llyn y Fan Fach, where he pastures his cattle. One day he sees a golden-haired woman, combing her locks and using the lake as a mirror. Immediately smitten, he offers her the bread he had brought with him, but it’s too hard for her taste and she disappears below the lake. The same happens again the next day, but this time the bread is too soft, and she once again submerges. The third day comes, and this time the bread is just right, and love is in the air. Gwyn knows what he wants: “Fair Lady of the Lake, I have no silver, no gold, no riches, just love. Please marry me and be my wife!” After some more passionate entreaties she warms up and decides to accept, but with conditions: 

    “Silver and gold cannot buy me. Your love is beyond price so I will marry you and live upon Earth with you until you give to me three causeless blows. The striking of the third blow will be the breaking of our marriage contract. I will leave earth and we shall be parted for ever. Do you accept?”

    Of course, he does. But first he has to deal with the faerie’s father who is ‘of wild appearance’ and magically appears with an identical twin to the lady Gwyn has fallen in love with. He tests Gwyn to choose the right faerie, which he does (discovering her name is Nelferch) and so off they go to be married with a considerable dowry of cattle, horses and other animals provided by the father, who, nevertheless reminds him once again of the ‘three blows’ condition. 

    Their marriage prospered and they had three sons, but inevitably the three blows were dealt over time, all as accidents: a playful flick on the shoulder with a glove, a tap on the arm and then a third touch when Nelferch displays joy at the funeral of a neighbour’s infant. She explains that she still sees with the eyes of the Otherworld and that her joy was that the child had transcended the pain and suffering of mortality. But with the third blow struck Nelferch returns to the lake, with her dowry, and disappears below the surface. Distraught, Gwyn follows her, drowning himself in his grief. Despite the tragedy, the three sons were able to apply their half-faerie nature to positive ends and became great healers known as ‘The Physicians of Myddfai’.

    Interpreting the Stories of Otherworldly Brides

    These folktales contain a myriad of meanings, some hidden deeper than others. They are open to multiple interpretations, of which a few are:

    The females are Pagan deities. They represent diminished ancient goddesses or spirits – Celtic deities dwelling in sacred bodies of water, and requiring some type of sacrifice as propitiation, which has become transformed over time as the interaction with mortals in the folktales. This would require the geneses of the stories to be prehistoric, passed on over millennia through an oral tradition.

    A Warning about Desiring Otherworldly things. In all the stories the protagonist desires something that should be beyond the reach of mortals. However cunning or charming he is, his mortality eventually fails him and he is either outfoxed or he breaks a taboo leading to disappointment at best, and tragedy at worst. This may even find confluence with the Jungian psychoanalytical idea of water as a symbol of the subconscious. What arises out of it represents our deep-set desires, but the subconscious is an ‘Otherworld’ and what emerges from it cannot stay in waking reality, and at some point must return ‘beneath the water’.

    The Therianthropes Represent Transcendence. The otherworldly entities exist in two forms – human females and spiritual beings, the latter represented by an animal or a faerie connected to water. Although the human versions can spend some time on Earth, living a conventional life, this is always fleeting and eventually their material presence will disappear as they transcend to an Otherworld. They are in effect metaphysical human souls that must at some point be released. This might be extended to seeing the therianthropes/faeries as a shamanic residue, where the animals or supernatural beings symbolise transcendent spirit guides connecting this world and a supernal universe. While this would involve a millennia-deep folk memory, there is much evidence from studies of the medieval and Early-Modern witch cults that a form of prehistoric shamanism continued under the radar in Christian Europe, with spirit animals, zoomorphism and faerie familiars as key components of the belief system. 

    Love and Marriage is a Faustian Pact. More prosaically (and cynically), the folktales may be suggesting that love and marriage are agreements between two people, and that the terms need to be upheld, otherwise disaster will ensue – it is a Faustian pact. The underlying tension in the stories do seem to imply the fragile nature of love; always undone by carelessness or the breaking of agreed-upon codes.

    But as is so often the case with traditional folktales we will never be able to unravel completely the deeply entrenched meanings, which have evolved through people telling them over hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years. Stories using the otherworldly bride motifs evidently contain some specific and distinct significance as they attempt to convey fundamental ideas about the human condition as well as passing on an ancestral memory of previous cultures. However, the reason they have been so persistent and successful in doing this, is because at root they are extremely entertaining folktales that are able to grip the imagination, using the most potent of all human emotions as a trope: Love.

    References

    Briggs, K. 1976. An Encyclopaedia of Fairies. Pantheon Books, New York

    Bruford, A. 1974. ‘The Grey Selkie’, Scottish Studies 18 (63–81)

    Collinson, B. 2012. Jungian Therapy and the Meaning of Dreams: Water. Available at: https://www.briancollinson.ca/index.php/2012/11/jungian-therapy-the-meaning-of-dreams-5-water.html 

    Evans, Z.T. 2017. Folklore of the Welsh Lakes: Reflecting on Faerie Brides, Drowned Towns and the Otherworld. Available at: https://folklorethursday.com/folktales/folklore-welsh-lakes-reflecting-faerie-brides-drowned-towns-otherworld/ 

    Evans, Z.T. 2017. Folklore of the Welsh Lakes: The Legend and the Legacy of the Lady of Llyn Y Fan Fach. Available at: https://folklorethursday.com/regional-folklore/folklore-welsh-lakes-legend-legacy-lady-llyn-y-fan-fach/#sthash.eaGh0p88.dpbs 

    Gilchrist, A.G. 1921. ‘Extra Note on Song No. 48, verse 7’, Journal of the Folk-Song Society. 6 (263–266)

    Hartland, E.S. 1891. The Science of Fairy Tales. Scribner and Welford, New York. Available at: http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/sft/index.htm 

    Leavy, B.F. 1994. In Search of the Swan Maiden: A Narrative on Folklore and Gender. New York University Press. Available at: https://archive.org/details/oapen-20.500.12657-89312/page/n3/mode/1up

    Rushton, N. 2025. Mermaid Imagery in British and Irish medieval Churches. Available at: https://deadbutdreaming.wordpress.com/2025/01/17/mermaid-imagery-in-british-and-irish-medieval-churches/

    Rushton, N. 2017. Faerie Familiars and Zoomorphic Witches. Available at: https://deadbutdreaming.wordpress.com/2017/04/08/faerie-familiars-zoomorphic-witches/ 

    Wilby, E. 2005. Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic Visionary Traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic. Sussex Academic Press

    Williamson, D. 1992. Tales of the Seal People: Scottish Folk Tales. Interlink Books, New York

    Winters, R. 2016. Legends of the Selkies: Hidden Gems of Sea Mythology. Available at: https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/legends-selkies-hidden-germs-sea-mythology-006409 

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    The cover image is a statue of the selkie Kópakonan in Mikladalur, Faroe.

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    Dead but Dreaming the novel is available now…